Tungsten Alloy Military and DRDO Akash Surface to Air Missile System

The Akash Weapon System architecture is based on a Group Headquarters and a number of batteries. The system is customized on tracked or wheeled chassis to provide area air defense against multifarious air treats to mobile, semi-mobile and static vulnerable forces and areas. The Akash air defence group sanitizes a large volume of air space over the combat zone. The system can be operated either in the autonomous mode or in the Group Mode. The Akash Group consists of surveillance radars, Control Centres, phased array tracking and missile guidance radars, launchers and ground support equipment.

Surveillance Sensor (3 D CAR) is capable of detecting and tracking aerial targets upto a range of 150kms and altitude of 18 kms. It provides coordinates in three dimensions of upto 200 targets to the Group Control Centre (GCC) through secure communication links. The data is used to cue the weapon control radar.

Control Centers at the group (GCC) and the battery (BCC) have ruggedised computers where real time air picture from various sensors is integrated and data is processed. Decision support software carries out threat

analysis and generates options for commanders. Automated target assignment and launch commands are generated for optional engagement in kill Zone.

C 4 I software specially designed to meet Indian defence requirements, provides fusion of air pictures from various sensors, automatic tracking of air targets, designation of track numbers to different targets, identification of friend or foe, automatic assignment of target to GW batteries, automatic selection of launcher and decision support system for commander for launch and control of missiles. This feature also drastically reduces the requirement of manpower for operation of the system as the complete operations from target detection to engagement are hands free. The advanced battle management software has been extensively field tested under realistic combat development conditions using multiple live targets. The system can also be integrated with legacy or futuristic radars and networks.

Multifunction phased array radar variants have been configured on BMP and T-72 based tracked vehicle. The tracking and missile guidance radar configuration consists of a slewable phased array antenna of more than 4000 elements, spectrally pure TWT transmitter, two stage superhetrodyne correlation receiver for three channels, high speed digital signal processor, real time management computer and a powerful radar data processor. The system has multiple target handling capability from any direction. Each radar can simultaneously engage four targets and guide eight missiles in ripple mode. The radar has advanced ECCM features.

Akash launcher carries three ready to fire Akash missiles. It is interfaced with BCC via line or radio, is fully automatic and remotely controllable, has a microprocessor controlled electromechanical servo system and is capable of checkout and auto launch of the missiles. It has its own built in GTE power source and can also be operated by DC power from housed DC batteries.

The surveillance radar, launcher and control centre have been configured on T-72 and low bed trailer (Wheeled) chassis. Significant customization to user requirements has been incorporated. Akash surface-to-air missile has a launch weight of 720kg, diameter 350mm and a length of 5.8m. Its integral Ram Rocket propulsion provides all the way thrusting to a range of 25-30 km with a velocity of 600-700m/s from 1.5 km onwards. The Ram jet system enables powered intercept, high maneuverability, much higher terminal velocities, high average speed, lesser reaction time, lower flight time and better engagements of receeder targets vis-à-vis boost coast type of missiles. It also has wider no escape zones. The digital autopilot and guidance system are microprocessor based.

The missile has all the way command guidance for full range of operation. The missile uses state-of-art integral ram jet rocket propulsion system and the onboard digital autopilot ensures syability and cintrol. Electro-pneumatic servo actuation system controls cruciform wings for quick response, and thermal batteries provide onboard power supply. The Radio Proximity Fuse has advanced signal processing features. Together with the prefragmented warhead and safety arming mechanism, a high kill probability of maneuvering targets flying upto 600m/s is achieved. The missile has number of safety and abort features ensuring its safe handling and operations. The missiles do not require any maintenance in the field as it is fully integrated in the factory.

Akash Ground Support system is designed for high reliability and maintainability. The system has built in diagnostics and checkout systems with card level fault diagnostics and field replacement. The system has built in simulator for operators training.

Tungsten Alloy Military Spheres Application

What Are Tungsten Heavy Alloy Military Spheres? 

Tungsten heavy alloy sphere is widely used for military purposes. Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere is usually consisted of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloys also contain Co, Mo, Cr, etc. Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere can be manufactured in many sizes.

Advantages of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Military Sphere

Very dense, 1.7 times heavier than lead, tungsten is the ideal metal for military purposes. Tungsten is non-toxic and safe material, so tungsten heavy alloy military sphere is often used to replace lead. Owing to its great hardness and resistance to high temperature, tungsten heavy alloy sphere is increasingly adopted for military purposes and defense. 

Applications of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Military Sphere

Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere can be also used as bullets or pellets in various military applications such as pellets used inside a shotgun shell. Lead shot and bullets have been banned in many areas because of the environmental concerns. 

The main substitute materials are steel, bismuth and tungsten. The main advantages of tungsten heavy alloy military sphere that is used as pellet is that it is very dense, and very hard. The density allows the pellets to travel longer distances without loosing energy, while the hardness allows the pellets to keep their shape while being accelerated by the powder charge, which increases the muzzle velocity. 

Tungsten heavy alloy spheres are also used in hand grenade, armor piercing projectile, prefabricated fragments. Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere is small in volume and very dense. Allowing them to penetrate armor and damage targets. Tungsten alloy has been used in missile weapons, armor piercing ammunition, tungsten alloy bullet, shrapnel head, core for armor-piercing bullet measurement, kinetic energy penetrators, armor and shells.

Tungsten alloy Armor Piercing Bullets for Military

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet relying on the kinetic energy of the projectile, penetrates armor and destroys the target. Its characteristic is high velocity, long hitting the distance and good accuracy.It used for mutilate tanks, self-propelled guns, armored vehicles, ships, aircraft, or any other armored target.

Tungsten alloy armor piercing shell is a type of ammunition designed to penetrate armor and detonate. They are generally used against body armor, vehicle armor, tanks and other defenses, depending on the caliber of the firearms.
Shells of the tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets designed for this purpose have a greatly strengthened case with a specially hardened and shaped nose and a much smaller bursting charge. Some smaller caliber tungsten alloy armor piercing shells have an inert filling, or incendiary charge in place of the HE bursting charge. 

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are famous for their ability to penetrate target.It is mostly because large kinetic energy and their high tensile strength focused on the target. Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are made from the high-density tungsten alloy that is much harder than most armors. All have a very hard tungsten alloy armor piercing warheads.Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets can be used against tanks, armored vehicles and concrete fortifications. When fired, tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are under the high-temperature, high-pressure gas. Reach the target, it will make a pit in the surface of the armor, red out the armor and the pit bottom at the same time. At this time, although the head has been broken, missile force the powerful impact of inertia, it will continue onrush. When the impact force reaches a certain value, the fuse is triggered, it caused the explosion of the projectile charge. At this time, exploding charge will create tons of pressure per square centimeter in area, killing the crew inside the tank or destroying armored weapons.

The most widely used tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets in the world are made of a hardened steel, tungsten alloy, tungsten-carbide, or depleted uranium penetrator enclosed within a softer material, such as copper or aluminum. Tungsten alloy rounds, for instance, take advantage of their high-density material, designed to retain its shape and carry the maximum possible amount of energy as deep as possible into the target.
The tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets fired from rifles are strengthened with a copper orcuprous-nickel jacket, much like the jacket that surrounds lead in a conventional projectile, a jacket which is destroyed upon impact to allow the penetrating charge to continue its movement through the targeted substance.
One of the most famous types of tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets used in the past was the Teflon-coated bullets. Contrary to popular belief, the Teflon coating did not in itself help the bullet penetrate deeper, instead it was meant to help reduce the wear on the barrel after firing hardened projectiles. The strange fact is that this misconception even produced laws that lead to the restricted use of these bullets, eventually leading to their extinction.

The famous example of such a blunder was the assassination attempt on US President Ronald Reagan that took place on March 30, 1981. Then, the shooter used an tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet with a normal revolver, which actually deprived the bullet of its ability, contributing to the bullet missing the heart by less than one inch and piercing his left lung instead, which likely spared his life.
What most people do not realize, is that it is not enough to use tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet, you must use modified barrel, in order to take advantage of the bullet's piercing abilities.

Tungsten Alloy Military and Thirteen Army, IAF personnel awarded Shuarya Chakra

Thirteen officers from the Army and the Air Force have been awarded the Shaurya Chakra -- the third highest gallantry medal, with Major Chandrashekhar Singh being honoured posthumously for his mission at the Siachen Glacier.

The Army officers who will be given the gallantry medal include Havaldar Charanjit Singh, Maj Pradeep Mishra, Maj Amit Mohindra, Maj Himanshu Panwar, Maj Saurabh Suyal, Maj Vijayendra Singh Yadav and Lt Satyajeet Ahlawat.
Three IAF officers including Wg Cdr Vatsal Kumar Singh, Wg Cdr Ajit Bhasane and Wg Cdr Ramesh Kharche have also been awarded these medals.

On May we, Maj Chandra Shekhar Singh was carrying out an air maintenance mission at a post above 18,000 feet at Siachen Glacier in extreme and unpredictable weather conditions of the summer months.
"He successfully delivered the essential logistic supplies at the post while flying the helicopter on total manual controls, at the extremities of the its flight envelope, in the rarified atmosphere, with no reserve of power," an Army release said.

Full-Auto-Rated Octagonal Machine Gun Silencer

Falken Industries M-Series Lightweight Titanium Silencers/Sound Suppressors with Monolithic Baffle System for Tactical Rifles, Pistols and Machine Guns: Full-Auto-Rated!

Leupold Mark 6 3-18x44mm (34mm) Riflescope: “Game-Changer” First-Focal-Plane Tactical Rifle Scope/Hunting Scope with Horus H58 Illuminated Gridded Reticle (or TReMoR2 or CMR-W Reticles) for U.S. Military Special Operations Forces (SOF) Assaulters/Snipers, Civilian Tactical Shooters and Hunters! 

DR Action Video! 300 AAC Blackout (300BLK) 7.62x35mm Suppressed PDW-Type Tactical AR SBR/Sub-Carbine and FN Mk46 MOD1 Fired on Full-Auto: Quiet-Killer Cartridge Impresses at the Range!

Daniel Defense (DD) DDM4v7 (also written DDM4 v7) 10.3″ 5.56mm NATO/300 AAC Blackout (300BLK) DGI Tactical AR-15 SBR/Sub-Carbine with DD MFR 9.0 (Daniel Defense Modular Float Rail 9.0) for Military Special Operations Forces (SOF), Law Enforcement SWAT and Civilian Tactical Shooters! 

LaRue Tactical Suitcase Rifle (“Suitcase Gun”) 14.5” 7.62mm NATO/.308 Win. Takedown PredatOBR AR Carbine at NDIA Joint Armaments 2012
Short Rifle Stock System SRSS BullDog 762 Gen-4 (also written SRSS BullDog762 Gen-4) 16″ Bullpup M14/M1A Battle Rifle/Carbine (7.62mm NATO/.308 Win.) with GRSC CRS-16 M4-62 Tactical Scope for 21st-Century Military Special Operations Forces (SOF) Assaulters/Operators and Civilian Tactical Shooters!
Tactical AR-15/M4/M4A1 Carbine Aftermarket Accessories for Military Combat Applications: The Competition-to-Combat Crossover

General Dynamics GDATP .338 NM LWMMG (.338 Norma Magnum Lightweight Medium Machine Gun) for Overmatch Capability: Potential Game-Changer for Mobile Infantry
DSG Technology/PNW Arms Super-Sniper Ammunition (SSA) Enhanced-Range Rifle Ammo Being Made in the USA for Military Special Operations Forces (SOF) Long-Range-Interdiction/Sniping and Close Quarters Battle/Close Quarters Combat 

Applications: Solid-Copper Super Snip

Tungsten Alloy Malitary and R-73 (AA-11) "ARCHER" Missile Family

The R-73 was developed to replace the earlier R-60 (AA-8 'Aphid') weapon for short-range use by Soviet fighter aircraft. The R-73 is an infrared-guided (heat-seeking) missile with a sensitive, cryogenic cooled seeker with a substantial 'off-boresight' capability: the seeker can "see" targets up to 45° off the missile's centerline. It can be linked to a helmet-mounted sight, allowing pilots to designate targets by looking at them. Minimumengagement range is about 300 meters, with maximum aerodynamic range of nearly 30 km (18.75 mi) at altitude.

The missile is used for engaging modern and future fighters, attack aircraft, bombers, helicopters, drones and cruise missiles, including those executing a maneuver with a g-force up to 12. It permits the platform to intercept a target from any direction, under any weather conditions, day or night, in the presence of natural interference and deliberate jamming. It realizes the "fire and forget" principle.

The missile design features a canard aerodynamic configuration: control surfaces are positioned ahead of the wing at a distance from the center of mass. The airframe consists of modular compartments accommodating the homing head, aerodynamic control surface drive system, autopilot, proximity fuze, warhead, engine, gas-dynamic control system and aileron drive system. The lifting surfaces have a small aspect ratio. Strakes are mounted ahead of the aerodynamic control surfaces. The combined aero-gas-dynamic control gives the R-73 highly maneuverable flight characteristics. During flight, yaw and pitch are controlled by four aerodynamic control surfaces connected in pairs and by just as many gas-dynamic spoilers (fins) installed at the nozzle end of the engine. Control with engine not operating is provided by aerodynamic control surfaces. Roll stabilization of the missile is maintained with the help of four mechanically interconnected ailerons mounted on the wings. Drives of all missile controls are gas, powered from a solid-propellant gas generator. The passive infrared homing head supports target lock-on before launch. Guidance to the predicted position is by the proportional navigation method.

The missile's combat equipment consists of an active proximity (radar or laser) fuze and impact fuze and a continuous-rod warhead. The engine operates on high-impulse solid propellant and has a high-tensile steel case. Russia's Vympel weapons designers have developed a one-of-a-kind air-to-air missile, which NATO has dubbed as AA-11, for use on foreign fighter planes. Techically and militarily the new missile, meant for quick-action dogfights, leave its foreign analogues far behind. Vympel experts have also made it possible for the new missile to be easily installed on all available types of aircraft. The AA-11 can also be used on older planes which will now be able to effectively handle the US' highly maneuverable F-15 and F-16 jets. The AA-11 missile is based on all-new components, use new high-energy solid fuel and an advanced guidance and control system which has made it possible to minimize their size. Their exceptionally high accuracy is ensured by the missile's main secret, the so-called transverse control engine, which rules out misses during the final approach trajectory. The transverse control engine is still without parallel in the world.

Russia has offered the export-version R-7EE air-to-air missile system for sale so that it can be fitted to foreign-made fighter aircraft. Developed by the Vympel state-sector engineering and design bureau, the R-7EE is designed for close-quarters aerial combat. Vympel specialists have developed a way of ensuring that the missile system can be fitted to virtually any type of aircraft. It can be fitted to older aircraft, which feature heavily in third-world countries' air forces. The R-73 ("Archer"/AA-11) third generation highly-maneuverable missile that has become the world's foremost IR guided dogfight missile. The Vympel R-73 is now operational with the MiG-23MLA (Flogger K) and all models of the MiG-29 (Fulcrum) and Su-27 (Flanker). All of these aircraft incorporate helmet mounted sighting systems. The R-73 has been designed to be fitted on new attack helicopter types such as the Mi-28 (Havoc) and the Ka-50 (Hokum). It is a lock-on before launch with gymbol limits exceeding 40° during acquisition and 70° off boresight after lock. It is of basic aluminum alloy construction (axial-symmetric cruciform scheme with small elongated tailfins) with the following component sections: seeker, aero-rudder actuators, autopilot, prox-fuze, warhead, solid-propellant motor, aero-surfaces, and thrust vectoring control vanes.

The unique combination aero and exhaust-gas maneuver control represents the world's first operational thrust vector missile providing an exceptional maneuver capability during the powered flight phase. Fixed stabilizers and AOA transducers are installed in the nose just aft of the seeker before fixed canard control surfaces. During the high impulse solid-rocket motor burn, the missile is controlled by the canards, joined in pairs on each control channel and by the four in-flow jet exhaust vanes which also work in pairs. The fixed tail-fins have ailerons on their trailing edges mechanically coupled to each other for roll stabilization. After motor burn out, and there is no indication of post boost cruise burn, missile control is provided only by the aerodynamic surfaces. All of the missiles gas actuators are feed by a power pressure accumulator that bleeds overboard and is estimated to be of a lower pressure then Western missiles due to reduced aerodynamic loadings on the optimized control surfaces. There is a 7.4 kg. (16.3 lbs.) rod-type warhead fitted with a dual active-radar proximity and contact fuze. The R-73 is fited to a common launcher rail that holds an internal cooling bottle.

The R-73 seeker is capable of being fired without any limitations of "G", "AOA", or aircraft attitude. The seeker-head can be cued to the target by matching the look angle of the locked up aircraft radar and/or IRST, or the sighting line of the pilot's eye through the helmet sight. Guidance to the intercept point is performed according to proportional navigation methods. The missile can engage targets maneuvering up to 12 G's. The minimum and maximum intercept ranges against non-maneuvering targets are published as 300 meters (984 feet) to 30 kilometers (16.4 NM). There has been a lot of press about a possible rear-firing air-to-air missile and Sukhoi released information about a reversed missile pylon for the R-27T ("Alamo B" AA-10b) IR short-burn version. The R-73 appears to have a better aero-chance because of its variable control exhaust jet vanes. Applications are being directed at bombers, transports, and deep strike aircraft.

The R-73 is a highly maneuverable missile that in many respects is believed to be superior to the United States AIM-9M Sidewinder, prompting the development of a more sophisticated AIM-9X now entering squadron service.From 1994 the R-73 has been upgraded in production to R-74EM standard (originally R-73M), which entered CIS service in 1997. The R-74EM has greater range and a wider seeker angle (to 60° off-boresight), as well as improved ECCM (resistance to countermeasures).

Environmental fate of tungsten from military use

This manuscript describes the distribution, fate and transport of tungsten used in training rounds at three small arms ranges at Camp Edwards on the

Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR), USA. Practice with tungsten/nylon rounds began in 2000 subsequent to a 1997 US Environmental Protection Agency ban on training with lead. Training with the tungsten rounds was halted in 2005 because of concerns regarding tungsten's environmental mobility and potential

toxicity. This study, therefore, examines how tungsten partitions in the environment when fired on a small arms training range. Soil sampling revealed surface soil concentrations, highest at the berm face, up to 2080 mg/kg. Concentrations decreased rapidly with depth—at least by an order of magnitude by 25 cm. Nonetheless, tungsten concentrations remained above background to at least 150 cm. Pore-water samples from lysimeters installed in berm areas revealed a

range of concentrations (< 1–400 mg/L) elevated with respect to background although there was no discernable trend with depth. Groundwater monitoring well samples collected approximately 30 m below ground surface showed tungsten (0.001–0.56 mg/L) attributable to range use.

 

Tungsten Alloy Military and Army

Tungsten alloy military and army.
The army of Gambia is made up of infantry battalions in the Gambia National Guard (GNG), Gambia National Army (GNA) and the navy which are under the Department of State for Defence, Banjul. There is no conscription in the Gambia and the age for voluntary enrolment for men and women is 18 years of age.
Initially recruits are enrolled for a specified minimum period, in which they undergo training of between 4 to 6 months, thereafter they may choose to sign-up for another specified time period.

The Army:
The army has around 1,900 soldiers which consists of infantry battalions, the national guard, and the navy, who are all under the authority of the Department of State for Defence (a ministerial portfolio held by President Jammeh). Prior to the 1994 coup, the Gambian army received technical assistance and training from the US, UK, China, Turkey and Nigeria. The army has received renewed assistance from Turkey and new assistance from Libya and others.

Members of the Gambian military have participated in ECOMOG, the West African force deployed during the Liberian civil war beginning in 1990. Responsibilities for internal security and law enforcement rest with the Gambian police / gendarme force under the Inspector General of Police and the Ministry of Interior.
The main aims of the armed forces as written in the constitution are to defend and preserve the sovereignty and territorial integrity of The Gambia, to aid civil authorities during emergencies and national disasters; to engage in productive activities such as agriculture, engineering, health and education for the development of The Gambia.
The development of The Gambia Armed Forces and the expansion of its primary and principal functions came about as a result of the 1994 change of government. The 1997 Constitution gives The Gambia Armed Forces additional mandates in the light of the changing phenomena in the traditional roles of the Armed Forces. These additional mandates have allowed the expansion of the role of The Gambia Armed Forces such as Rescue Missions, Emergency and Disaster Operations, and International Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement Missions as well as agricultural participation. The Gambia Armed Forces as part of its new and additional roles has been actively participating in the fight against HIV.

The Gambia Armed Forces has established a close collaboration with the National Aids Secretariat (NAS), the Medical Research Council and other health care delivery agencies in its endeavour to fight against HIV/Aids and other infectious diseases. This has led to the creation of a special office, which is equipped and staffed for that purpose. The primary function of this office is to effectively sensitize the officers and soldiers, their dependants, the civilian staff and all other members of The Gambia Armed Forces about the menace of HIV/Aids.
In its move to maintain the welfare of its serving members, The Gambia Armed Forces has endeavoured to renovate all existing accommodations in all its barracks. New accommodation structures have already been built at Yundum Barracks and improvement on these structures are underway. New accommodation structures have also been built in Basse. Renovation works in Farafenni and Kudang Barracks have been completed. The renovation work at Fajara Barracks is now completed. All these have been done to improve on the living conditions of the officers and soldiers as well as their dependants. Also, a new Armed Forces Headquarters have been created for effective command and control and for the improvement of the working conditions of the staff officers.

Former Army chief Gen VK Singh joins Ramdevs protest, calls government property dealer

After sharing dais with Anna Hazare, former Army chief VK Singh today joined yoga guru Ramdev's protest here, dubbing the government as a "property dealer" which takes over farmers' land in the name of development.
Singh participation in the protests came two months after he retired from service during which he had taken on the government on his age issue.

Earlier this month, Singh had appeared at Jantar Mantar here on the last day of Hazare's fast. He was also one of the signatories to an appeal to Hazare asking him call off his fast and work towards a political alternative.
Addressing the gathering at Ramdev's protest here this afternoon on black money and Lokpal issue, he claimed that over two lakh farmers had committed suicide since 1995 and accused the government of taking over their land in the name of development.
"Problems of farmers will have to be taken to the forefront of this movement ... The government is taking land from farmers in the name of development.

For foreign vendors, by foreign vendors

The defence ministry’s (MoD’s) revised offset guidelines, which came into effect on August 1st, replace seven years of shifty-eyed policy that raised more questions than answers and slowed the already snail-like pace of defence

procurement. The new guidelines suggest that the MoD has listened with at least one ear to a chorus of suggestions from foreign and Indian stakeholders alike. The new rules allow transfer of technology (ToT); introduce multipliers to direct offsets towards MSMEs and the DRDO; allow vendors to discharge their offset liabilities over longer periods; and limit some penalties on vendors who fail to discharge offset obligations.

In forthrightly addressing some of these difficult issues, and in specifying a threefold aim for offsets --- nurturing internationally competitive enterprises; augmenting defence R&D; and developing civil aerospace and internal security --- the policy does well, even if the aim ends up covering too many bases.

Tungsten Alloy Cylinder Military Defense

Tungsten alloy cylinder is progressively adopted since the raw substance to create components of army products, which include bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. A principal use for tungsten alloy cylinder is in kinetic vitality penetrators, in which they are in instant rivalry with depleted uranium (DU). latest investigations executed in the Army review Laboratory show that DU's excellent components resulted from its ability to localize shear all through ballistic penetration events. Therefore, it absolutely was argued that if localized shear could possibly be imparted to tungsten heavy alloys, these alloys would exhibit penetration ability matching that of depleted uranium (which experienced turn out to be an environmental problem).

In purchase to decrease the adoption of environmental hazardous products all through the army field, tungsten associated options are utilized like a nontoxic substitute for guide and depleted uranium in bullet and shot. High-density metals which include tungsten are now broadly employed; the intention will be to create functional, increased density, non-toxic arms projectiles with controlled result behavior. The different components of tungsten alloy render it probably the most perfect counterweight materials, much extra than at current outlined on our website. Owing to its terrific hardness and resistance to increased temperature, tungsten may be adopted in army defense progressively today.  

Main army appliance: tungsten alloy bullet, shrapnel head, balanced ball for missile and plane, core for armor-piercing bullet measurement, kinetic vitality penetrators, armor and shells, grenade,rocket components.

Tungsten Kinetic Energy Penetrator

What is Tungsten Kinetic Energy Penetrator?

A tungsten kinetic energy penetrator (also known as a KE weapon) is a type of ammunition that, like a bullet, does not contain explosives and uses kinetic energy to penetrate the target.
The term can apply to any type of armor-piercing shot but typically refers to a modern type of armor piercing weapon, the armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), a type of long-rod penetrator (LRP), and not to small arms bullets.
The 'Fin' round travels at around 975 m/s (3200 ft/s), resulting in the generation of three and a half tones of force when it comes in contact with a weighted and/or fixed object. Energy, and therefore speed, inevitably decreases during flight, however it is still very deadly at ranges up to six kilometers.
The opposite technique to tungsten kinetic energy penetrator uses chemical energy penetrators. There are two types of these shells in use: high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) and high explosive squash head (HESH). They have been widely used against armor in the past and still have a role but are less effective against modern composite armor such as Chobham as used on main battle tanks today.

The principle of the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is that it uses its kinetic energy, which is a function of mass and velocity, to force its way through armor. The modern KE weapon maximizes KE and minimizes the area over which it is delivered by:

being fired with a very high muzzle velocity concentrating the force in a small impact area while still retaining a relatively large mass maximizing the mass of whatever (albeit small) volume is occupied by the projectile—that is, using the densest metals practical, which is one of the reasons depleted uranium is often used. Tungsten kinetic energy penetrator has led to the current designs that resemble a long metal arrow. Concentration of force into a smaller area was attained by replacing the single metal (usually steel) shot with a composite shot using two metals, a heavy core (based on tungsten) inside a lighter metal outer shell. These designs were known as Armour Piercing Composite Rigid (APCR). On impact, the core had a much more concentrated effect than plain metal shot of the same weight and size. To maximize the amount of kinetic energy released on the target, the penetrator must be made of a dense material, such as tungsten carbide or depleted uranium (DU) alloy (Staballoy).  The hardness of the penetrator is of less importance, but is still a factor as abrasion is a major component of the penetrator defeat mechanism.A common misconception is that, during impact, fractures along these bands cause the tip of the penetrator to continuously shed material, maintaining the tip's conical shape, whereas other materials such as unjacketed tungsten tend to deform into a less effective rounded profile, an effect called "mushrooming". Actually, the formation of adiabatic shear bands means that the sides of the "mushroom" tend to break away earlier, leading to a smaller head on impact, though it will still be significantly "mushroomed". Tests have shown that the hole bored by a DU projectile is of a narrower diameter than for a similar tungsten projectile.That is one of the reasons why tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is better than the DU tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is. Tungsten alloy can be used as the component in the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator, and Chinatungsten Online can provide the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator.

Military Tungsten Alloy Properties

Tungsten heavy alloys are usually consisted of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy is added Co、Mo、Cr, etc., The most important property for tungsten alloy cube is that small volume with high density, which means it could be used in some fields need the little but heavy parts, especially for military defense, projectiles it play very important role.

Heavy metal tungsten alloys were identified as likely replacements, but these materials were not tested early in the munitions development process for adverse health effects as embedded fragments.Main Application of tungsten alloy: For making rotors of dynamic inertial materials, the stabilizers of aircraft wings, shielding materials for radioactive materials, containers in hospitals and for radioactive isotope (Cobalt 60), and for material of armor piercing bullets and moulds or the military use, etc. Properties and appliance of tungsten heavy alloy in military: In order to reduce the adoption of environmental hazardous materials in the military field, tungsten related products are used as a nontoxic substitute for lead and depleted uranium in bullet and shot. High-density metals such as tungsten are now widely employed; the goal is to create functional, high density, non-toxic arms projectiles with controlled impact

behavior. The special properties of tungsten alloy render it the most ideal counterweight materials, far more than already listed on our website. Nowadays, tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted as the raw material to make parts of military products, such as bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. Advantages of military tungsten alloy: -High density -Excellent mechanical properties such as high vibration-damping capacity and high Young's modulus. -Excellent radiation-shielding property -High thermal conductivity with low thermal expansion coefficient -Higher high-temperature strength and thermal shock resistance -High oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance The military tungsten alloy block part adopts the technology of metal injection molding which near net shape technology and the processing methods compared with

conventional superiority is a manufacturing quality precision component. Directly manufacturing small sized part about 0.1g to 200g with complicated geometric shapes, compared to investment casting and powder metallurgy, the metal injection molding parts’ tolerance can be held to +/-0.1~0.5%, having high relative density 95 percent to 99 percent and more consistent

microstructure and higher mechanical property. Without or only minute quantity of machine work needed, material use rate as high as 97%, part dimension being of small manufacture tolerance, and repeatability, adjustable material composition, fine parts surface smoothness, improvable strength and wearing resistance by heat treatment.

Tungsten Alloy Cube for Military Defense

Tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted in tungsten alloy defense as the raw material to make parts of military products, such as bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. A major use for tungsten heavy alloy is in kinetic energy penetrators, where they are in direct competition with depleted uranium (DU).

High Density Tungsten Alloy

Grade	Size of Blanks (mm)	Density (g/cm3)	Hardness (HRC)	Tensile Strength (N/mm2)	Application
95W	?11*162 ?8.5*170	≥18.00	≥25	≥800	Apply for apparatus and instrument for military and airspace industries.
93W	/	≥17.30	≥25	≥500
95W		≥18.00	≥25	≥800
97W		≥18.40	≥28	≥920
90W		≥17.00	≥20	/

A significant mass of tungsten has been used to produce 5.56 mm ammunition for use at military training facilities as a substitute for lead bullets.  The mass of tungsten used in fixed target/fixed firing position ranges has produced soils that are expected to contain tungsten in the percent by mass concentrations, in addition to legacy lead from past training. 

Properties of tungsten heavy alloy

Tungsten heavy alloy have very high melting point and have a density twice that of steel and are more than 50% heavier than lead. Due to their high density, tungsten alloys offer greater radiation shielding than lead and are non-toxic. Tungsten alloys are electrically and thermal conductive and offer good corrosion resistance. They also have a low coefficient of expansion and have a high modulus of elasticity. Because of these unique properties tungsten alloys are used extensively in military applications, balance weights, rocket components, bullets, etc. The heavy-metal alloys are especially useful for aircraft counterbalances and as weights in gyratory compasses. Heavy-metal inserts are used as the cores of high-mass military projectiles. Tungsten alloys are widely used for military defense.

Tungsten alloy the army use

The Army uses of powder metallurgy (P/M) extend from the conventional press and sinter to the more exotic processes of liquid phase sintering of tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) and powder injection molding (PIM). The Navy has taken great advantage of WHA by employing them iii the phalanx close-in weapon system (CIWS). The Army intends that research will lead to an alloy or composite of tungsten that, when used as a long rod penetrator, will perform as well as, or better than, current depleted uranium (DU) penetrators. Tungsten Heavy Alloys (WHAs) are the best choice when Designers in defense industries, WHAs are the ideal material which combines high density, good mechanical strength and which is easily machined, tungsten alloy for mlilitary defense is very important.

Tungsten Alloy Military Spheres

What are the tungsten alloy military spheres?

Tungsten heavy alloys are usually consisted of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy is added Co, Mo, Cr, etc. It could be made as many shapes. Tungsten heavy alloy sphere is widely used in military filed, in military industries tungsten alloy spheres is really important.

Advantages of tungsten alloy spheres for military

With the highest densities weighing in at 1.7 times heavier than lead, tungsten is the ideal metal for military defense used in military. On the other hand, tungsten is non-toxic, so it is the related product for lead which was used in bullet and shot to reduce the environmental hazardous materials in the military field. As well owing to its great hardness and resistance to high temperature, tungsten alloy sphere has been adopted in military defense increasingly today,tungsten alloy military spheres is wildly adopted in national defense, it is the important counterpart to make many advanced weapons.

Applications of tungsten alloy sphere for military

Tungsten alloy spheres can be also used as bullets or pellets in many military filed.
These are the pellets from inside a shotgun shell. Lead shot and bullets have been banned in many areas because they poison the environment. The main substitute materials are steel, bismuth and tungsten. The main advantages of tungsten alloy ball which made as pellet are that it's very dense, and very hard. The density allows the pellets to fly long distances without slowing down, while the hardness allows the pellets to keep their shape while being accelerated by the powder charge, which increases the muzzle velocity.

Main army appliance:
Tungsten alloy bullet
Balanced ball for missile and plane
Core for armor-piercing bullet measurement
Kinetic vitality penetrators
Rocket components

Military Tungsten Heavy Alloy Rod

Tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted in tungsten alloy defense as the raw material to make parts of military products, such as bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. A major use for tungsten heavy alloy is in kinetic energy penetrators, where they are in direct competition with depleted uranium (DU). Recent investigations conducted at the Army Research Laboratory show that DU’s superior properties resulted from its ability to localize shear during ballistic penetration events.

What is Tungsten Alloy Rod?

Tungsten alloy rod is produced by pressing and sintering into billets, which are worked by rolling or swaging into rod. Smaller sizes are produced by subsequent drawing. Tungsten rod is produced in straight random lengths with a smooth swaged surface at diameters 3mm and larger, and with a smooth drawn finish below 3mm. A center less-ground finish can also be furnished. Specific lengths and special fabrications can be supplied upon request. 

We can offer the tungsten heavy alloy rod for military usage, such as bomblet, armor-piercing bullet, etc. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with our customers in the design of individual specifications. Our mission is to meet individual customer requirements. Flexibility is our strength. We pride ourselves on being able to find the right solution to customer’s problems. Owing to its terrific hardness and resistance to increased temperature, tungsten adopted in army defense progressively today.

The normal tungsten alloy rod after swaging, ultimate tensile strength would be increased greatly. The ultimate tensile strength of general tungsten alloy rod is 1050 MPa . However, after swaging, the ultimate tensile strength can reach 1200 MPa min, we could even control at 1400 MPa. This type of rod is one of our main products. Tungsten alloy swaging rod can be use in military defense, such as depleted uranium penetrators, bullet, armor piercing, rifle bullet, snipe rifle penetrator, etc.

Applications for Tungsten Rod

These kinds of rods could be machined further, which are usually used to making the parts of counterweight, radiation shielding, military tungsten alloy defense appliance, welding rod, extrusion die, also for some sports fields, such as darts, billets, golf club, etc. As its high density, high melting point, small capacity, excellent hardness, superior wearing resistance, high ultimate tensile strength, etc, tungsten alloy rod is increasingly welcomed by public. Tungsten alloy tubes are mainly used in the military industry, the aerospace, mechanical manufacture, medical shielding, petroleum and sporting balance, etc.