Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for Military

Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod

Swaging greatly increases tungsten alloy rod’s ultimate tensile strength. The ultimate tensile strength of regular tungsten alloy rod is 1050 MPa . However, after swaging, the ultimate tensile strength can reach 1200 MPa min, we can even control tungsten alloy military swaging rod at 1400 MPa. Tungsten alloy military swaging rod is one of our main products. The composition of tungsten alloy military swaging rod is 93%WNiFe. Our common types of tungsten alloy swaging rod:
Diameter: 12mm~20mm, Length: less than 400mm;
Diameter: 20mm~400mm, Length: less than 500mm.
We can manufacture other products according to customers’ specific requirements. 

Tungsten Heavy Alloy Hunting Shot

What Is Tungsten Heavy Alloy Hunting Shot?

Tungsten heavy alloy hunting shot is used as the shot of shotgun. A shotgun is a firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder. The shot pellets from a shotgun spread upon leaving the barrel and the power of the burning charge is divided among the pellets, which means that the energy of any one ball of shot is fairly low. In a hunting context, tungsten heavy alloy hunting shot makes shotguns useful primarily for hunting birds and other small games. 

Why Use Tungsten Heavy Alloy Hunting Shot ?

High density, great hardness and resistance to high temperature make tungsten heavy alloy to be one of the most sought-after materials for shotgun pellets in history. The density of tungsten is about 18g/cm3, only gold, platinum, and a few other rare metals have a similar density. It is denser than any other shot material, including lead, steel or bismuth. To understand how the density factors into performance, let us look at two spheres about the same size, a golf ball and a ping-pong ball. The golf ball is far denser and will fly farther and hit harder. Now reduce that size down to two single No. 4 pellets, one is steel and the others are tungsten alloy. Get the picture? The tungsten heavy alloy hunting shot will fly farther, hit harder and penetrate deeper. That means more birds, farther out, with fewer cripples. Another unique property of tungsten heavy alloy hunting shot is that it is non- toxic, environmentally friendly and is safe for people to handle and work with. 

钨合金在核技术中的应用

高比重合金（钨合金）材料是一类以钨为基体（W含量85-99%），并添加有Ni、Cu、Co、Mo、Cr等元素组成的合金。按合金组成特性及用途分为 W-Ni-Fe、W-Ni-Cu、W-Co、W-WC-Cu、W-Ag等主要系列，其密度高达16 .5-19.0g/cm3，而被世人称为高比重合金，它还具有一系列优异的特性，比重大：一般比重为16.5-18.75g/cm3,，强度高：抗拉强度 为700-1000Mpa，吸收射线能力强：其能力比铅高30-40%，导热系数大：为模具钢的5倍；热膨胀系数小：只有铁或钢的1/2-1/3，良好的 可导电性能；具有良好的可焊性和加工性。

   鉴于高比重合金有上述优异的功能，它被广泛地运用在航天、航空、军事、石油钻井，电器仪表、医学等工业。

医用钨合金射线屏蔽材料系列：

    钨合金(高比重合金)多叶光栅叶片（MLC），厚度2.0-3.8mm，板的平整度0.05mm；钨合金准直器；钨合金(高比重合金)防护罐——用于医疗 上的放射性屏蔽壁；钨合金屏蔽针管——用于医疗放射性药液屏蔽；钨合金存储器——用于储存放射性物质的罐、箱等容器；准直器--用于医疗直线加速器和回旋 加速器；钨合金容器—用于60Co治疗机射线屏蔽；γ相机钨合金准直器。

 核技术应用中钨合金(高比重合金)系列：

    检测集装箱系统的钨合金准直器；60Co 及其他辐射的屏蔽钨合金容器；地质勘测屏蔽γ射线钨合金准直器；管道检测射线屏蔽钨合金准直器；工业探伤γ射线屏蔽钨合金准直器
     高密度钨基合金(高比重合金)配重系列：
    机械用的平衡锤；飞锤；石油钻井加重杆；飞镖杆；高尔夫球配重块；赛车配重块；手机、游戏机振子；航空航天的陀螺仪；钟表摆锤；平衡配重球；防震刀杆。

百度参考资料

Vidhwansak Anti Material Rifle and Tungsten Alloy Military

Vidhwansak (Sanskrit:"The Destroyer") is an Indian multi-caliber anti-materiel rifle (AMR) or large-caliber sniper rifle manufactured by Ordnance Factory, Tiruchirapalli. It can be used in the anti-materiel role for destroying enemy bunkers, lightly armoured vehicles, radar systems, communication equipment, parked aircraft, fuel storage facilities, etc. It is also effective in long range sniping, counter sniping and ordnance disposal (shooting explosive ordnance from a safe distance) roles.

Denel was earlier contracted to supply various weapon systems for the Indian Armed Forces, including Anti-materiel rifles and Self-propelled howitzers. However, following allegations that it had paid kickbacks to secure a deal for anti-material rifles, Denel was black-listed by the government.

Then, Ordnance Factory Tiruchirapalli (OFT), in association with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), began developing an indigenous version of the Denel NTW-20 AMR to fill the need. The development of Vidhwansak was completed in November 2005. After all-terrain and all-weather trials, the user trials began in March 2006.

Production began in February 2007. After trials, the Border Security Force order 100 Vidhwansaks for use in the border areas. These were supplied by October 2008. The rifle has also been offered to the Indian Army and the National Security Guards.

Some reports suggest that the Vidhwansak is a reverse-engineered version of the NTW-20, of which Denel had supplied some units for trials. In any case, the Vidhwansak is comparable to the NTW-20 in terms of caliber, size and performance. The Vidhwansak, which costs Rs 10 lakh (USD 20,000) is much cheaper than comparable foreign alternatives such as the Denel NTW-20 AMR, which costs Rs 23 lakhs (USD 45,000). It also supports multiple calibers and fires 12.7mm, 14.5mm and 20mm rounds compared to dual calibers supported by the NTW-20. 

Features

Vidhwansak is a manually operated, rotating bolt action rifle. The barrel along with the receiver recoil inside the chassis frame against a damping system. The rifle is fed from a detachable box magazine, that is inserted from the left side. The rifle can be quickly disassembled and carried in two man-portable packs, each weighting about 12 - 15 kg.

The rifle has an effective range of 1800 m (1300 m for the 20 mm version), while shots can be achieved even up to 2000 m. The rifle is magazine fed, and reloaded through manual bolt action.

A muzzle brake is fitted on the end of the barrel which absorbs an estimated 50%-60% of recoil. This is further supplemented by a buffered slide in the receiver.

Vidhwansak is equipped with an 8X magnification, long eye relief telescopic sight with Parallax adjustment.

钨合金军事工业

钨的熔点在金属中最高，其突出的优点是高熔点带来材料良好的高温强度与耐蚀性，在军事工业特别是武器制造方面 表现出了优异的特性。在兵器工业中它主要用于制作各种穿甲弹的战斗部。通过粉末预处理技术和大变形强化技术，细化了材料的晶粒，拉长了晶粒的取向，以此提 高材料的强韧性和侵彻威力。
钨合金的高强度让我们能提供很多最高品质的军工产品，比如：合金穿甲弹弹芯、钨合金子母弹、飞机钨合金陀螺转子，手榴弹弹头，导弹和飞机的平衡球。
钨合金穿甲弹
我们可以通过灵活的生产工艺和放置添加剂改变其性能，比如延伸率、极限抗拉强度和硬度，以此确保提供可能的最好的材料来满足你们的特殊需求。
穿甲弹
★导弹和飞机的平衡球
★穿甲弹弹芯
★钨合金子母弹
★钨合金飞机陀螺转子
★手榴弹弹头
钨合金产品：

钨合金子弹：



钨合金穿甲弹弹芯：


百度参考资料

火箭主要发动机的点火管

什么是火箭发动机？

火箭发动机或简称“火箭”是一台喷气式发动机，只使用大量推进剂就形成了高速喷气。火箭发动机根据牛顿第三定律规定获得推动力。因为他们不需要任何外部物质构成喷气，火箭发动机可用于航天器推进，以及地面用途如导弹。大多数火箭发动机是内燃发动机，虽然非燃烧形式的也存在。



火箭发动机由高速流体喷气产生推力。这种流体差不多都是由高压下喷出的固体或液体产生，由燃料和氧化钨组成，在一个内燃室中。

钨合金运用于火箭发动机

由于钨合金产品耐磨损，高熔点，低沸点以及高硬度，钨合金已经越来越多地用于火箭的点火管，
在火箭中，温度要比喷嘴的熔点以及燃室内材料熔点都高，除了石墨和钨。这些材料必须保证在发射时不会蒸发，融化。

Tungsten Alloy Military and DRDO Akash Surface to Air Missile System

The Akash Weapon System architecture is based on a Group Headquarters and a number of batteries. The system is customized on tracked or wheeled chassis to provide area air defense against multifarious air treats to mobile, semi-mobile and static vulnerable forces and areas. The Akash air defence group sanitizes a large volume of air space over the combat zone. The system can be operated either in the autonomous mode or in the Group Mode. The Akash Group consists of surveillance radars, Control Centres, phased array tracking and missile guidance radars, launchers and ground support equipment.

Surveillance Sensor (3 D CAR) is capable of detecting and tracking aerial targets upto a range of 150kms and altitude of 18 kms. It provides coordinates in three dimensions of upto 200 targets to the Group Control Centre (GCC) through secure communication links. The data is used to cue the weapon control radar.

Control Centers at the group (GCC) and the battery (BCC) have ruggedised computers where real time air picture from various sensors is integrated and data is processed. Decision support software carries out threat

analysis and generates options for commanders. Automated target assignment and launch commands are generated for optional engagement in kill Zone.

C 4 I software specially designed to meet Indian defence requirements, provides fusion of air pictures from various sensors, automatic tracking of air targets, designation of track numbers to different targets, identification of friend or foe, automatic assignment of target to GW batteries, automatic selection of launcher and decision support system for commander for launch and control of missiles. This feature also drastically reduces the requirement of manpower for operation of the system as the complete operations from target detection to engagement are hands free. The advanced battle management software has been extensively field tested under realistic combat development conditions using multiple live targets. The system can also be integrated with legacy or futuristic radars and networks.

Multifunction phased array radar variants have been configured on BMP and T-72 based tracked vehicle. The tracking and missile guidance radar configuration consists of a slewable phased array antenna of more than 4000 elements, spectrally pure TWT transmitter, two stage superhetrodyne correlation receiver for three channels, high speed digital signal processor, real time management computer and a powerful radar data processor. The system has multiple target handling capability from any direction. Each radar can simultaneously engage four targets and guide eight missiles in ripple mode. The radar has advanced ECCM features.

Akash launcher carries three ready to fire Akash missiles. It is interfaced with BCC via line or radio, is fully automatic and remotely controllable, has a microprocessor controlled electromechanical servo system and is capable of checkout and auto launch of the missiles. It has its own built in GTE power source and can also be operated by DC power from housed DC batteries.

The surveillance radar, launcher and control centre have been configured on T-72 and low bed trailer (Wheeled) chassis. Significant customization to user requirements has been incorporated. Akash surface-to-air missile has a launch weight of 720kg, diameter 350mm and a length of 5.8m. Its integral Ram Rocket propulsion provides all the way thrusting to a range of 25-30 km with a velocity of 600-700m/s from 1.5 km onwards. The Ram jet system enables powered intercept, high maneuverability, much higher terminal velocities, high average speed, lesser reaction time, lower flight time and better engagements of receeder targets vis-à-vis boost coast type of missiles. It also has wider no escape zones. The digital autopilot and guidance system are microprocessor based.

The missile has all the way command guidance for full range of operation. The missile uses state-of-art integral ram jet rocket propulsion system and the onboard digital autopilot ensures syability and cintrol. Electro-pneumatic servo actuation system controls cruciform wings for quick response, and thermal batteries provide onboard power supply. The Radio Proximity Fuse has advanced signal processing features. Together with the prefragmented warhead and safety arming mechanism, a high kill probability of maneuvering targets flying upto 600m/s is achieved. The missile has number of safety and abort features ensuring its safe handling and operations. The missiles do not require any maintenance in the field as it is fully integrated in the factory.

Akash Ground Support system is designed for high reliability and maintainability. The system has built in diagnostics and checkout systems with card level fault diagnostics and field replacement. The system has built in simulator for operators training.

Tungsten Alloy Military Spheres Application

What Are Tungsten Heavy Alloy Military Spheres? 

Tungsten heavy alloy sphere is widely used for military purposes. Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere is usually consisted of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloys also contain Co, Mo, Cr, etc. Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere can be manufactured in many sizes.

Advantages of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Military Sphere

Very dense, 1.7 times heavier than lead, tungsten is the ideal metal for military purposes. Tungsten is non-toxic and safe material, so tungsten heavy alloy military sphere is often used to replace lead. Owing to its great hardness and resistance to high temperature, tungsten heavy alloy sphere is increasingly adopted for military purposes and defense. 

Applications of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Military Sphere

Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere can be also used as bullets or pellets in various military applications such as pellets used inside a shotgun shell. Lead shot and bullets have been banned in many areas because of the environmental concerns. 

The main substitute materials are steel, bismuth and tungsten. The main advantages of tungsten heavy alloy military sphere that is used as pellet is that it is very dense, and very hard. The density allows the pellets to travel longer distances without loosing energy, while the hardness allows the pellets to keep their shape while being accelerated by the powder charge, which increases the muzzle velocity. 

Tungsten heavy alloy spheres are also used in hand grenade, armor piercing projectile, prefabricated fragments. Tungsten heavy alloy military sphere is small in volume and very dense. Allowing them to penetrate armor and damage targets. Tungsten alloy has been used in missile weapons, armor piercing ammunition, tungsten alloy bullet, shrapnel head, core for armor-piercing bullet measurement, kinetic energy penetrators, armor and shells.

Tungsten alloy Armor Piercing Bullets for Military

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet relying on the kinetic energy of the projectile, penetrates armor and destroys the target. Its characteristic is high velocity, long hitting the distance and good accuracy.It used for mutilate tanks, self-propelled guns, armored vehicles, ships, aircraft, or any other armored target.

Tungsten alloy armor piercing shell is a type of ammunition designed to penetrate armor and detonate. They are generally used against body armor, vehicle armor, tanks and other defenses, depending on the caliber of the firearms.
Shells of the tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets designed for this purpose have a greatly strengthened case with a specially hardened and shaped nose and a much smaller bursting charge. Some smaller caliber tungsten alloy armor piercing shells have an inert filling, or incendiary charge in place of the HE bursting charge. 

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are famous for their ability to penetrate target.It is mostly because large kinetic energy and their high tensile strength focused on the target. Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are made from the high-density tungsten alloy that is much harder than most armors. All have a very hard tungsten alloy armor piercing warheads.Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets can be used against tanks, armored vehicles and concrete fortifications. When fired, tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are under the high-temperature, high-pressure gas. Reach the target, it will make a pit in the surface of the armor, red out the armor and the pit bottom at the same time. At this time, although the head has been broken, missile force the powerful impact of inertia, it will continue onrush. When the impact force reaches a certain value, the fuse is triggered, it caused the explosion of the projectile charge. At this time, exploding charge will create tons of pressure per square centimeter in area, killing the crew inside the tank or destroying armored weapons.

The most widely used tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets in the world are made of a hardened steel, tungsten alloy, tungsten-carbide, or depleted uranium penetrator enclosed within a softer material, such as copper or aluminum. Tungsten alloy rounds, for instance, take advantage of their high-density material, designed to retain its shape and carry the maximum possible amount of energy as deep as possible into the target.
The tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets fired from rifles are strengthened with a copper orcuprous-nickel jacket, much like the jacket that surrounds lead in a conventional projectile, a jacket which is destroyed upon impact to allow the penetrating charge to continue its movement through the targeted substance.
One of the most famous types of tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets used in the past was the Teflon-coated bullets. Contrary to popular belief, the Teflon coating did not in itself help the bullet penetrate deeper, instead it was meant to help reduce the wear on the barrel after firing hardened projectiles. The strange fact is that this misconception even produced laws that lead to the restricted use of these bullets, eventually leading to their extinction.

The famous example of such a blunder was the assassination attempt on US President Ronald Reagan that took place on March 30, 1981. Then, the shooter used an tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet with a normal revolver, which actually deprived the bullet of its ability, contributing to the bullet missing the heart by less than one inch and piercing his left lung instead, which likely spared his life.
What most people do not realize, is that it is not enough to use tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet, you must use modified barrel, in order to take advantage of the bullet's piercing abilities.

Tungsten Alloy Military and Thirteen Army, IAF personnel awarded Shuarya Chakra

Thirteen officers from the Army and the Air Force have been awarded the Shaurya Chakra -- the third highest gallantry medal, with Major Chandrashekhar Singh being honoured posthumously for his mission at the Siachen Glacier.

The Army officers who will be given the gallantry medal include Havaldar Charanjit Singh, Maj Pradeep Mishra, Maj Amit Mohindra, Maj Himanshu Panwar, Maj Saurabh Suyal, Maj Vijayendra Singh Yadav and Lt Satyajeet Ahlawat.
Three IAF officers including Wg Cdr Vatsal Kumar Singh, Wg Cdr Ajit Bhasane and Wg Cdr Ramesh Kharche have also been awarded these medals.

On May we, Maj Chandra Shekhar Singh was carrying out an air maintenance mission at a post above 18,000 feet at Siachen Glacier in extreme and unpredictable weather conditions of the summer months.
"He successfully delivered the essential logistic supplies at the post while flying the helicopter on total manual controls, at the extremities of the its flight envelope, in the rarified atmosphere, with no reserve of power," an Army release said.

Full-Auto-Rated Octagonal Machine Gun Silencer

Falken Industries M-Series Lightweight Titanium Silencers/Sound Suppressors with Monolithic Baffle System for Tactical Rifles, Pistols and Machine Guns: Full-Auto-Rated!

Leupold Mark 6 3-18x44mm (34mm) Riflescope: “Game-Changer” First-Focal-Plane Tactical Rifle Scope/Hunting Scope with Horus H58 Illuminated Gridded Reticle (or TReMoR2 or CMR-W Reticles) for U.S. Military Special Operations Forces (SOF) Assaulters/Snipers, Civilian Tactical Shooters and Hunters! 

DR Action Video! 300 AAC Blackout (300BLK) 7.62x35mm Suppressed PDW-Type Tactical AR SBR/Sub-Carbine and FN Mk46 MOD1 Fired on Full-Auto: Quiet-Killer Cartridge Impresses at the Range!

Daniel Defense (DD) DDM4v7 (also written DDM4 v7) 10.3″ 5.56mm NATO/300 AAC Blackout (300BLK) DGI Tactical AR-15 SBR/Sub-Carbine with DD MFR 9.0 (Daniel Defense Modular Float Rail 9.0) for Military Special Operations Forces (SOF), Law Enforcement SWAT and Civilian Tactical Shooters! 

LaRue Tactical Suitcase Rifle (“Suitcase Gun”) 14.5” 7.62mm NATO/.308 Win. Takedown PredatOBR AR Carbine at NDIA Joint Armaments 2012
Short Rifle Stock System SRSS BullDog 762 Gen-4 (also written SRSS BullDog762 Gen-4) 16″ Bullpup M14/M1A Battle Rifle/Carbine (7.62mm NATO/.308 Win.) with GRSC CRS-16 M4-62 Tactical Scope for 21st-Century Military Special Operations Forces (SOF) Assaulters/Operators and Civilian Tactical Shooters!
Tactical AR-15/M4/M4A1 Carbine Aftermarket Accessories for Military Combat Applications: The Competition-to-Combat Crossover

General Dynamics GDATP .338 NM LWMMG (.338 Norma Magnum Lightweight Medium Machine Gun) for Overmatch Capability: Potential Game-Changer for Mobile Infantry
DSG Technology/PNW Arms Super-Sniper Ammunition (SSA) Enhanced-Range Rifle Ammo Being Made in the USA for Military Special Operations Forces (SOF) Long-Range-Interdiction/Sniping and Close Quarters Battle/Close Quarters Combat 

Applications: Solid-Copper Super Snip

Tungsten Alloy Malitary and R-73 (AA-11) "ARCHER" Missile Family

The R-73 was developed to replace the earlier R-60 (AA-8 'Aphid') weapon for short-range use by Soviet fighter aircraft. The R-73 is an infrared-guided (heat-seeking) missile with a sensitive, cryogenic cooled seeker with a substantial 'off-boresight' capability: the seeker can "see" targets up to 45° off the missile's centerline. It can be linked to a helmet-mounted sight, allowing pilots to designate targets by looking at them. Minimumengagement range is about 300 meters, with maximum aerodynamic range of nearly 30 km (18.75 mi) at altitude.

The missile is used for engaging modern and future fighters, attack aircraft, bombers, helicopters, drones and cruise missiles, including those executing a maneuver with a g-force up to 12. It permits the platform to intercept a target from any direction, under any weather conditions, day or night, in the presence of natural interference and deliberate jamming. It realizes the "fire and forget" principle.

The missile design features a canard aerodynamic configuration: control surfaces are positioned ahead of the wing at a distance from the center of mass. The airframe consists of modular compartments accommodating the homing head, aerodynamic control surface drive system, autopilot, proximity fuze, warhead, engine, gas-dynamic control system and aileron drive system. The lifting surfaces have a small aspect ratio. Strakes are mounted ahead of the aerodynamic control surfaces. The combined aero-gas-dynamic control gives the R-73 highly maneuverable flight characteristics. During flight, yaw and pitch are controlled by four aerodynamic control surfaces connected in pairs and by just as many gas-dynamic spoilers (fins) installed at the nozzle end of the engine. Control with engine not operating is provided by aerodynamic control surfaces. Roll stabilization of the missile is maintained with the help of four mechanically interconnected ailerons mounted on the wings. Drives of all missile controls are gas, powered from a solid-propellant gas generator. The passive infrared homing head supports target lock-on before launch. Guidance to the predicted position is by the proportional navigation method.

The missile's combat equipment consists of an active proximity (radar or laser) fuze and impact fuze and a continuous-rod warhead. The engine operates on high-impulse solid propellant and has a high-tensile steel case. Russia's Vympel weapons designers have developed a one-of-a-kind air-to-air missile, which NATO has dubbed as AA-11, for use on foreign fighter planes. Techically and militarily the new missile, meant for quick-action dogfights, leave its foreign analogues far behind. Vympel experts have also made it possible for the new missile to be easily installed on all available types of aircraft. The AA-11 can also be used on older planes which will now be able to effectively handle the US' highly maneuverable F-15 and F-16 jets. The AA-11 missile is based on all-new components, use new high-energy solid fuel and an advanced guidance and control system which has made it possible to minimize their size. Their exceptionally high accuracy is ensured by the missile's main secret, the so-called transverse control engine, which rules out misses during the final approach trajectory. The transverse control engine is still without parallel in the world.

Russia has offered the export-version R-7EE air-to-air missile system for sale so that it can be fitted to foreign-made fighter aircraft. Developed by the Vympel state-sector engineering and design bureau, the R-7EE is designed for close-quarters aerial combat. Vympel specialists have developed a way of ensuring that the missile system can be fitted to virtually any type of aircraft. It can be fitted to older aircraft, which feature heavily in third-world countries' air forces. The R-73 ("Archer"/AA-11) third generation highly-maneuverable missile that has become the world's foremost IR guided dogfight missile. The Vympel R-73 is now operational with the MiG-23MLA (Flogger K) and all models of the MiG-29 (Fulcrum) and Su-27 (Flanker). All of these aircraft incorporate helmet mounted sighting systems. The R-73 has been designed to be fitted on new attack helicopter types such as the Mi-28 (Havoc) and the Ka-50 (Hokum). It is a lock-on before launch with gymbol limits exceeding 40° during acquisition and 70° off boresight after lock. It is of basic aluminum alloy construction (axial-symmetric cruciform scheme with small elongated tailfins) with the following component sections: seeker, aero-rudder actuators, autopilot, prox-fuze, warhead, solid-propellant motor, aero-surfaces, and thrust vectoring control vanes.

The unique combination aero and exhaust-gas maneuver control represents the world's first operational thrust vector missile providing an exceptional maneuver capability during the powered flight phase. Fixed stabilizers and AOA transducers are installed in the nose just aft of the seeker before fixed canard control surfaces. During the high impulse solid-rocket motor burn, the missile is controlled by the canards, joined in pairs on each control channel and by the four in-flow jet exhaust vanes which also work in pairs. The fixed tail-fins have ailerons on their trailing edges mechanically coupled to each other for roll stabilization. After motor burn out, and there is no indication of post boost cruise burn, missile control is provided only by the aerodynamic surfaces. All of the missiles gas actuators are feed by a power pressure accumulator that bleeds overboard and is estimated to be of a lower pressure then Western missiles due to reduced aerodynamic loadings on the optimized control surfaces. There is a 7.4 kg. (16.3 lbs.) rod-type warhead fitted with a dual active-radar proximity and contact fuze. The R-73 is fited to a common launcher rail that holds an internal cooling bottle.

The R-73 seeker is capable of being fired without any limitations of "G", "AOA", or aircraft attitude. The seeker-head can be cued to the target by matching the look angle of the locked up aircraft radar and/or IRST, or the sighting line of the pilot's eye through the helmet sight. Guidance to the intercept point is performed according to proportional navigation methods. The missile can engage targets maneuvering up to 12 G's. The minimum and maximum intercept ranges against non-maneuvering targets are published as 300 meters (984 feet) to 30 kilometers (16.4 NM). There has been a lot of press about a possible rear-firing air-to-air missile and Sukhoi released information about a reversed missile pylon for the R-27T ("Alamo B" AA-10b) IR short-burn version. The R-73 appears to have a better aero-chance because of its variable control exhaust jet vanes. Applications are being directed at bombers, transports, and deep strike aircraft.

The R-73 is a highly maneuverable missile that in many respects is believed to be superior to the United States AIM-9M Sidewinder, prompting the development of a more sophisticated AIM-9X now entering squadron service.From 1994 the R-73 has been upgraded in production to R-74EM standard (originally R-73M), which entered CIS service in 1997. The R-74EM has greater range and a wider seeker angle (to 60° off-boresight), as well as improved ECCM (resistance to countermeasures).

Environmental fate of tungsten from military use

This manuscript describes the distribution, fate and transport of tungsten used in training rounds at three small arms ranges at Camp Edwards on the

Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR), USA. Practice with tungsten/nylon rounds began in 2000 subsequent to a 1997 US Environmental Protection Agency ban on training with lead. Training with the tungsten rounds was halted in 2005 because of concerns regarding tungsten's environmental mobility and potential

toxicity. This study, therefore, examines how tungsten partitions in the environment when fired on a small arms training range. Soil sampling revealed surface soil concentrations, highest at the berm face, up to 2080 mg/kg. Concentrations decreased rapidly with depth—at least by an order of magnitude by 25 cm. Nonetheless, tungsten concentrations remained above background to at least 150 cm. Pore-water samples from lysimeters installed in berm areas revealed a

range of concentrations (< 1–400 mg/L) elevated with respect to background although there was no discernable trend with depth. Groundwater monitoring well samples collected approximately 30 m below ground surface showed tungsten (0.001–0.56 mg/L) attributable to range use.

 

Tungsten Alloy Military and Army

Tungsten alloy military and army.
The army of Gambia is made up of infantry battalions in the Gambia National Guard (GNG), Gambia National Army (GNA) and the navy which are under the Department of State for Defence, Banjul. There is no conscription in the Gambia and the age for voluntary enrolment for men and women is 18 years of age.
Initially recruits are enrolled for a specified minimum period, in which they undergo training of between 4 to 6 months, thereafter they may choose to sign-up for another specified time period.

The Army:
The army has around 1,900 soldiers which consists of infantry battalions, the national guard, and the navy, who are all under the authority of the Department of State for Defence (a ministerial portfolio held by President Jammeh). Prior to the 1994 coup, the Gambian army received technical assistance and training from the US, UK, China, Turkey and Nigeria. The army has received renewed assistance from Turkey and new assistance from Libya and others.

Members of the Gambian military have participated in ECOMOG, the West African force deployed during the Liberian civil war beginning in 1990. Responsibilities for internal security and law enforcement rest with the Gambian police / gendarme force under the Inspector General of Police and the Ministry of Interior.
The main aims of the armed forces as written in the constitution are to defend and preserve the sovereignty and territorial integrity of The Gambia, to aid civil authorities during emergencies and national disasters; to engage in productive activities such as agriculture, engineering, health and education for the development of The Gambia.
The development of The Gambia Armed Forces and the expansion of its primary and principal functions came about as a result of the 1994 change of government. The 1997 Constitution gives The Gambia Armed Forces additional mandates in the light of the changing phenomena in the traditional roles of the Armed Forces. These additional mandates have allowed the expansion of the role of The Gambia Armed Forces such as Rescue Missions, Emergency and Disaster Operations, and International Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement Missions as well as agricultural participation. The Gambia Armed Forces as part of its new and additional roles has been actively participating in the fight against HIV.

The Gambia Armed Forces has established a close collaboration with the National Aids Secretariat (NAS), the Medical Research Council and other health care delivery agencies in its endeavour to fight against HIV/Aids and other infectious diseases. This has led to the creation of a special office, which is equipped and staffed for that purpose. The primary function of this office is to effectively sensitize the officers and soldiers, their dependants, the civilian staff and all other members of The Gambia Armed Forces about the menace of HIV/Aids.
In its move to maintain the welfare of its serving members, The Gambia Armed Forces has endeavoured to renovate all existing accommodations in all its barracks. New accommodation structures have already been built at Yundum Barracks and improvement on these structures are underway. New accommodation structures have also been built in Basse. Renovation works in Farafenni and Kudang Barracks have been completed. The renovation work at Fajara Barracks is now completed. All these have been done to improve on the living conditions of the officers and soldiers as well as their dependants. Also, a new Armed Forces Headquarters have been created for effective command and control and for the improvement of the working conditions of the staff officers.

Former Army chief Gen VK Singh joins Ramdevs protest, calls government property dealer

After sharing dais with Anna Hazare, former Army chief VK Singh today joined yoga guru Ramdev's protest here, dubbing the government as a "property dealer" which takes over farmers' land in the name of development.
Singh participation in the protests came two months after he retired from service during which he had taken on the government on his age issue.

Earlier this month, Singh had appeared at Jantar Mantar here on the last day of Hazare's fast. He was also one of the signatories to an appeal to Hazare asking him call off his fast and work towards a political alternative.
Addressing the gathering at Ramdev's protest here this afternoon on black money and Lokpal issue, he claimed that over two lakh farmers had committed suicide since 1995 and accused the government of taking over their land in the name of development.
"Problems of farmers will have to be taken to the forefront of this movement ... The government is taking land from farmers in the name of development.

For foreign vendors, by foreign vendors

The defence ministry’s (MoD’s) revised offset guidelines, which came into effect on August 1st, replace seven years of shifty-eyed policy that raised more questions than answers and slowed the already snail-like pace of defence

procurement. The new guidelines suggest that the MoD has listened with at least one ear to a chorus of suggestions from foreign and Indian stakeholders alike. The new rules allow transfer of technology (ToT); introduce multipliers to direct offsets towards MSMEs and the DRDO; allow vendors to discharge their offset liabilities over longer periods; and limit some penalties on vendors who fail to discharge offset obligations.

In forthrightly addressing some of these difficult issues, and in specifying a threefold aim for offsets --- nurturing internationally competitive enterprises; augmenting defence R&D; and developing civil aerospace and internal security --- the policy does well, even if the aim ends up covering too many bases.

Tungsten Alloy Cylinder Military Defense

Tungsten alloy cylinder is progressively adopted since the raw substance to create components of army products, which include bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. A principal use for tungsten alloy cylinder is in kinetic vitality penetrators, in which they are in instant rivalry with depleted uranium (DU). latest investigations executed in the Army review Laboratory show that DU's excellent components resulted from its ability to localize shear all through ballistic penetration events. Therefore, it absolutely was argued that if localized shear could possibly be imparted to tungsten heavy alloys, these alloys would exhibit penetration ability matching that of depleted uranium (which experienced turn out to be an environmental problem).

In purchase to decrease the adoption of environmental hazardous products all through the army field, tungsten associated options are utilized like a nontoxic substitute for guide and depleted uranium in bullet and shot. High-density metals which include tungsten are now broadly employed; the intention will be to create functional, increased density, non-toxic arms projectiles with controlled result behavior. The different components of tungsten alloy render it probably the most perfect counterweight materials, much extra than at current outlined on our website. Owing to its terrific hardness and resistance to increased temperature, tungsten may be adopted in army defense progressively today.  

Main army appliance: tungsten alloy bullet, shrapnel head, balanced ball for missile and plane, core for armor-piercing bullet measurement, kinetic vitality penetrators, armor and shells, grenade,rocket components.

Tungsten Kinetic Energy Penetrator

What is Tungsten Kinetic Energy Penetrator?

A tungsten kinetic energy penetrator (also known as a KE weapon) is a type of ammunition that, like a bullet, does not contain explosives and uses kinetic energy to penetrate the target.
The term can apply to any type of armor-piercing shot but typically refers to a modern type of armor piercing weapon, the armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), a type of long-rod penetrator (LRP), and not to small arms bullets.
The 'Fin' round travels at around 975 m/s (3200 ft/s), resulting in the generation of three and a half tones of force when it comes in contact with a weighted and/or fixed object. Energy, and therefore speed, inevitably decreases during flight, however it is still very deadly at ranges up to six kilometers.
The opposite technique to tungsten kinetic energy penetrator uses chemical energy penetrators. There are two types of these shells in use: high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) and high explosive squash head (HESH). They have been widely used against armor in the past and still have a role but are less effective against modern composite armor such as Chobham as used on main battle tanks today.

The principle of the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is that it uses its kinetic energy, which is a function of mass and velocity, to force its way through armor. The modern KE weapon maximizes KE and minimizes the area over which it is delivered by:

being fired with a very high muzzle velocity concentrating the force in a small impact area while still retaining a relatively large mass maximizing the mass of whatever (albeit small) volume is occupied by the projectile—that is, using the densest metals practical, which is one of the reasons depleted uranium is often used. Tungsten kinetic energy penetrator has led to the current designs that resemble a long metal arrow. Concentration of force into a smaller area was attained by replacing the single metal (usually steel) shot with a composite shot using two metals, a heavy core (based on tungsten) inside a lighter metal outer shell. These designs were known as Armour Piercing Composite Rigid (APCR). On impact, the core had a much more concentrated effect than plain metal shot of the same weight and size. To maximize the amount of kinetic energy released on the target, the penetrator must be made of a dense material, such as tungsten carbide or depleted uranium (DU) alloy (Staballoy).  The hardness of the penetrator is of less importance, but is still a factor as abrasion is a major component of the penetrator defeat mechanism.A common misconception is that, during impact, fractures along these bands cause the tip of the penetrator to continuously shed material, maintaining the tip's conical shape, whereas other materials such as unjacketed tungsten tend to deform into a less effective rounded profile, an effect called "mushrooming". Actually, the formation of adiabatic shear bands means that the sides of the "mushroom" tend to break away earlier, leading to a smaller head on impact, though it will still be significantly "mushroomed". Tests have shown that the hole bored by a DU projectile is of a narrower diameter than for a similar tungsten projectile.That is one of the reasons why tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is better than the DU tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is. Tungsten alloy can be used as the component in the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator, and Chinatungsten Online can provide the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator.

Military Tungsten Alloy Properties

Tungsten heavy alloys are usually consisted of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy is added Co、Mo、Cr, etc., The most important property for tungsten alloy cube is that small volume with high density, which means it could be used in some fields need the little but heavy parts, especially for military defense, projectiles it play very important role.

Heavy metal tungsten alloys were identified as likely replacements, but these materials were not tested early in the munitions development process for adverse health effects as embedded fragments.Main Application of tungsten alloy: For making rotors of dynamic inertial materials, the stabilizers of aircraft wings, shielding materials for radioactive materials, containers in hospitals and for radioactive isotope (Cobalt 60), and for material of armor piercing bullets and moulds or the military use, etc. Properties and appliance of tungsten heavy alloy in military: In order to reduce the adoption of environmental hazardous materials in the military field, tungsten related products are used as a nontoxic substitute for lead and depleted uranium in bullet and shot. High-density metals such as tungsten are now widely employed; the goal is to create functional, high density, non-toxic arms projectiles with controlled impact

behavior. The special properties of tungsten alloy render it the most ideal counterweight materials, far more than already listed on our website. Nowadays, tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted as the raw material to make parts of military products, such as bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. Advantages of military tungsten alloy: -High density -Excellent mechanical properties such as high vibration-damping capacity and high Young's modulus. -Excellent radiation-shielding property -High thermal conductivity with low thermal expansion coefficient -Higher high-temperature strength and thermal shock resistance -High oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance The military tungsten alloy block part adopts the technology of metal injection molding which near net shape technology and the processing methods compared with

conventional superiority is a manufacturing quality precision component. Directly manufacturing small sized part about 0.1g to 200g with complicated geometric shapes, compared to investment casting and powder metallurgy, the metal injection molding parts’ tolerance can be held to +/-0.1~0.5%, having high relative density 95 percent to 99 percent and more consistent

microstructure and higher mechanical property. Without or only minute quantity of machine work needed, material use rate as high as 97%, part dimension being of small manufacture tolerance, and repeatability, adjustable material composition, fine parts surface smoothness, improvable strength and wearing resistance by heat treatment.

Tungsten Alloy Cube for Military Defense

Tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted in tungsten alloy defense as the raw material to make parts of military products, such as bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. A major use for tungsten heavy alloy is in kinetic energy penetrators, where they are in direct competition with depleted uranium (DU).

High Density Tungsten Alloy

Grade	Size of Blanks (mm)	Density (g/cm3)	Hardness (HRC)	Tensile Strength (N/mm2)	Application
95W	?11*162 ?8.5*170	≥18.00	≥25	≥800	Apply for apparatus and instrument for military and airspace industries.
93W	/	≥17.30	≥25	≥500
95W		≥18.00	≥25	≥800
97W		≥18.40	≥28	≥920
90W		≥17.00	≥20	/

A significant mass of tungsten has been used to produce 5.56 mm ammunition for use at military training facilities as a substitute for lead bullets.  The mass of tungsten used in fixed target/fixed firing position ranges has produced soils that are expected to contain tungsten in the percent by mass concentrations, in addition to legacy lead from past training. 

Properties of tungsten heavy alloy

Tungsten heavy alloy have very high melting point and have a density twice that of steel and are more than 50% heavier than lead. Due to their high density, tungsten alloys offer greater radiation shielding than lead and are non-toxic. Tungsten alloys are electrically and thermal conductive and offer good corrosion resistance. They also have a low coefficient of expansion and have a high modulus of elasticity. Because of these unique properties tungsten alloys are used extensively in military applications, balance weights, rocket components, bullets, etc. The heavy-metal alloys are especially useful for aircraft counterbalances and as weights in gyratory compasses. Heavy-metal inserts are used as the cores of high-mass military projectiles. Tungsten alloys are widely used for military defense.

Tungsten alloy the army use

The Army uses of powder metallurgy (P/M) extend from the conventional press and sinter to the more exotic processes of liquid phase sintering of tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) and powder injection molding (PIM). The Navy has taken great advantage of WHA by employing them iii the phalanx close-in weapon system (CIWS). The Army intends that research will lead to an alloy or composite of tungsten that, when used as a long rod penetrator, will perform as well as, or better than, current depleted uranium (DU) penetrators. Tungsten Heavy Alloys (WHAs) are the best choice when Designers in defense industries, WHAs are the ideal material which combines high density, good mechanical strength and which is easily machined, tungsten alloy for mlilitary defense is very important.

Tungsten Alloy Military Spheres

What are the tungsten alloy military spheres?

Tungsten heavy alloys are usually consisted of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy is added Co, Mo, Cr, etc. It could be made as many shapes. Tungsten heavy alloy sphere is widely used in military filed, in military industries tungsten alloy spheres is really important.

Advantages of tungsten alloy spheres for military

With the highest densities weighing in at 1.7 times heavier than lead, tungsten is the ideal metal for military defense used in military. On the other hand, tungsten is non-toxic, so it is the related product for lead which was used in bullet and shot to reduce the environmental hazardous materials in the military field. As well owing to its great hardness and resistance to high temperature, tungsten alloy sphere has been adopted in military defense increasingly today,tungsten alloy military spheres is wildly adopted in national defense, it is the important counterpart to make many advanced weapons.

Applications of tungsten alloy sphere for military

Tungsten alloy spheres can be also used as bullets or pellets in many military filed.
These are the pellets from inside a shotgun shell. Lead shot and bullets have been banned in many areas because they poison the environment. The main substitute materials are steel, bismuth and tungsten. The main advantages of tungsten alloy ball which made as pellet are that it's very dense, and very hard. The density allows the pellets to fly long distances without slowing down, while the hardness allows the pellets to keep their shape while being accelerated by the powder charge, which increases the muzzle velocity.

Main army appliance:
Tungsten alloy bullet
Balanced ball for missile and plane
Core for armor-piercing bullet measurement
Kinetic vitality penetrators
Rocket components