Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for MIM-104 Patriot

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is made of tungsten alloy rod through calcinations. The normal method used in the processing are extruding, forging and sintering. After calcinations, tungsten alloy swaging rod has higher ductility, toughness and tensile strength than tungsten alloy rod, so it can be used for a longer time. Tungsten alloy swaging rod is widely used in industry as well as military areas, such as rifle bullet, armor piercing, snipe rifle penetrator, etc.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod can be used for MIM-104 Patriot. MIM Patriot utilizes kinetic energy to destroy missiles and aircraft.

The MIM-104 Patriot is a surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, the primary of its kind used by the United States Army and several allied nations. It is manufactured by the Raytheon Company of the United States, and derives its name from the Radar component of the weapon system. The AN/MPQ-53 at the heart of the system is known as the "Phased Array Tracking Radar to Intercept On Target" or the bacronym PATRIOT. The Patriot System replaced the Nike Hercules system as the U.S. Army's primary High to Medium Air Defense (HIMAD) system, and replaced the MIM-23 Hawk system as the U.S. Army's medium tactical air defense system. In addition to these roles, Patriot has been given the function of the U.S. Army's anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system, which is now Patriot's primary mission.

Patriot uses an advanced aerial interceptor missile and high performance radar systems. Patriot was developed at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, which had previously developed the Safeguard ABM system and its component Spartan and Sprint missiles. The symbol for Patriot is a drawing of a Revolutionary War-era Minuteman.

Patriot systems have been sold to Taiwan, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Jordan and Spain. Poland hosts training rotations of a battery of U.S. Patriot launchers. It was first deployed in Morąg in 24 May 2010 but has since been moved to Toruń and Ustka. South Korea also purchased several second-hand Patriot systems from Germany after North Korea test-launched ballistic missiles to the Sea of Japan and proceeded with underground nuclear testing in 2006. On 4 December 2012, NATO authorized the deployment of Patriot missile launchers in Turkey to protect the country from missiles fired in the civil war in neighboring Syria.

Tungsten Alloy Ball for Cluster Munition

Tungsten alloy ball is small in volume but very dense, which means the product can be used in various fields requiring small but heavy parts, such as the counterweights for golf club, fishing weights, counterweights for military applications, projectiles in the missile weapons, armor piercing ammunition, hunting pellets, prefabricated fragments, the missile weapons, armor piercing ammunition; counterweights for oil logging; also some fields concerning with precision industry, such as mobile phone vibrator, clock cube, self-winding watches, anti-vibration toll holders, flywheel weights, etc. Heavy tungsten alloy balls or tungsten weight is widely used in weight or balance industrial, and in military.

A cluster munition is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy runways or electric power transmission lines, disperse chemical or biological weapons, or to scatter land mines. Some submunition-based weapons can disperse non-munitions, such as leaflets.

Because cluster bombs release many small bomblets over a wide area they pose risks to civilians both during attacks and afterwards. During attacks, the weapons are prone to indiscriminate effects, especially in populated areas. Unexploded bomblets can kill or maim civilians and/or unintended targets long after a conflict has ended, and are costly to locate and remove.

Modern cluster bombs and submunition dispensers are often multiple-purpose weapons, containing mixtures of anti-armor, anti-personnel, and anti-materiel munitions. The submunitions themselves may also be multi-purpose, such as combining a shaped charge, to attack armour, with a fragmenting case, to attack infantry, material, and light vehicles. Modern multipurpose munitions may also have an incendiary effect.

Tungsten Alloy Hand Grenade

With the development of economic and military industry, tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted as the raw material for military defense products in recent years, because people find tungsten alloy has so many good advantages in military areas: high density, high melting point, high corrosion resistance and low vapor pressure, so nowadays military weapons is widely uses tungsten alloy as materials: tungsten alloy hand grenade, tungsten alloy bullet, tungsten alloy armor and shells, tungsten alloy rockets components, etc.

Hand grenade is made up of three parts: filler, body and fuze assembly.
Filler: the filler is composed of a chemical or explosive substance, which determines the type of it for employment factors. All fillers in they are mixed with silica aerogel for increased dissemination efficiency.
Body: the body of tungsten alloy grenade contains filler and fragmentation. The body of hand grenade contains a primer, first fire mixture, pyrotechnic delay column, and ignition mixture. Assembled to the body are a striker, striker spring, safety lever, and safety pin with pull ring. The split end of the safety pin has an angular spread.
Fuze assembly: fuze assembly in hand grenade causes the hand grenade to ignite or explode by detonating the filler.

Speciation of Tungsten Alloy Hand Grenade:

Diameter: 53mm
Length: 104 mm
Weight: 130g
Throwing Distance: 30 ~ 50 m
Exclusive Feature: hand grenade is the safe and environmentally friendly weapon so that it is widely used in army.

Tungsten Alloy Rod for Anti-satellite Weapon

Tungsten alloy rod has so many advantages, such as high density, high melting point, small volume, excellent hardness, superior wearing resistance, high ultimate tensile strength, high ductility, high temperature resistance, etc. Tungsten alloys can be widely produced into it used in many industry sectors.Tungsten alloy rod can be used for Anti-satellite weapon.

The development and design of anti-satellite weapons has followed a number of paths. The initial efforts by the USA and the USSR were using ground-launched missiles from the 1950s; many more exotic proposals came afterwards.

In the late 1950s the U.S. Air Force started a series of advanced strategic missile projects under the designation Weapon System WS-199A. One of the projects studied under the 199A umbrella was Martin's Bold Orion air-launched ballistic missile (ALBM) for the B-47 Stratojet, based on the rocket motor from the Sergeant missile. Twelve test launches were carried out between 26 May 1958 and 13 October 1959, but these were generally unsuccessful and further work as an ALBM ended. The system was then modified with the addition of an Altair upper stage to create an anti-satellite weapon with a 1100-mile (1700-km) range. Only one test flight of the anti-satellite mission was carried out, making a mock attack on the Explorer 6 at an altitude of 156 miles (251 km). To record its flight path, the Bold Orion transmitted telemetry to the ground, ejected flares to aid visual tracking, and was continuously tracked by radar. The missile successfully passed within 4 miles (6.4 km) of the satellite, which would be suitable for use with a nuclear weapon, but useless for conventional warheads.[1]

A similar project carried out under 199A, Lockheed's High Virgo, was initially another ALBM for the B-58 Hustler, likewise based on the Sergeant. It too was adapted for the anti-satellite role, and made an attempted intercept on Explorer 5 on 22 September 1959. However, shortly after launch communications with the missile were lost and the camera packs could not be recovered to see if the test was successful. In any event, work on the WS-199 projects ended with the start of the AGM-48 Skybolt project. Simultaneous U.S. Navy projects were also abandoned although smaller projects did continue until the early 1970s.

The use of high altitude nuclear explosions to destroy satellites was considered after the tests of the first conventional missile systems in the 1960s. During the Hardtack Teak test in 1958 observers noted the damaging effects of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) caused by the explosions on electronic equipment, and during the Starfish Prime test in 1962 the EMP from a 1.4 Mt warhead detonated over the Pacific damaged three satellites and also disrupted power transmission and communications across the Pacific. Further testing of weapons effects was carried out under the DOMINIC I series. An adapted version of the nuclear armed Nike Zeus was used for an ASAT from 1962. Codenamed Mudflap, the missile was designated DM-15S and a single missile was deployed at the Kwajalein atoll until 1966 when the project was ended in favour of the USAF Thor-based Program 437 ASAT which was operational until 6 March 1975.

Another area of research was directed into energy weapons, including a nuclear-explosion powered X-ray laser proposal developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1968. Other research was based on more conventional lasers or masers and developed to include the idea of a satellite with a fixed laser and a deployable mirror for targeting. LLNL continued to consider more edgy technology but their X-ray laser system development was cancelled in 1977 (although research into X-ray lasers was resurrected during the 1980s as part of the SDI).

ASATs were generally given low priority until 1982, when information about a successful USSR program became widely known in the west. A "crash program" followed, which developed into the Vought ASM-135 ASAT, based on the AGM-69 SRAM with an Altair upper stage. The system was carried on a modified F-15 Eagle that carried the missile directly under the central line of the plane. The F-15's guidance system was modified for the mission and provided new directional cueing through the pilot's heads up display, and allowed for mid-course updates via a data link. The first launch of the new anti-satellite missile took place in January 1984. The first, and only, successful interception was on September 13, 1985. The F-15 took off from Edwards Air Force Base, climbed to 38,100 feet (11,613 m)[2] and vertically launched the missile at the Solwind P78-1, a U.S. gamma ray spectroscopy satellite orbiting at 555 km (345 mi), which was launched in 1979.[3] Although successful, the program was cancelled in 1988.

On February 21, 2008, USA destroyed a malfunctioning U.S. spy satellite USA-193 using a RIM-161 Standard Missile 3.

Tungsten Alloy Radiation Shield for Los Angeles-class Submarine

Tungsten Alloy Radiation Shield is a best choice for radiation shielding applications, which could be used in both medical fields and industrial areas. Compared to traditional radiation shielding materials, such as lead, it provides excellent properties. High-density alloy can provide the same energy absorption as lead using 1/3 less material. People are taking advantage of tungsten alloy's reliable radiation shielding properties. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding can be use for nuclear power plants of  Los Angeles-class Submarine.

The Los Angeles-class, sometimes called the LA-class or the 688-class, is a class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines that forms the backbone of the U.S. Navy's submarine force, with 62 submarines of this class being completed. As of late 2012, 42 of the class are still in commission and 20 retired from service, mostly due to their mid-life reactor refuelings being cancelled. A further four boats were proposed by the Navy, but later cancelled.

The Los Angeles class contains more nuclear submarines than any other class in the world. The class was preceded by the Sturgeon class and followed by the Seawolf. Except for USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709), all submarines of this class are named after American cities and a few towns (e.g. Key West, Florida and Greeneville, Tennessee). This system of naming broke a long-standing tradition in the U.S. Navy of naming attack submarines for creatures of the ocean (e.g. USS Nautilus (SSN-571)).

The final 23 boats of the Los Angeles class were designed and built to be quieter than their predecessors and also to carry more-advanced sensor and weapons systems. These advanced boats were also designed for operating beneath the polar ice cap. Their diving planes were placed at their bows rather than on their sails, and they have stronger sails for penetrating thick ice.

According to the U.S. Department of Defense, the top speed of the submarines of the Los Angeles class is over 25 knots (29 mph or 46 kph), although the actual maximum is classified. Some published estimates have placed their top speed at 30 to 33 knots. In his book Submarine: A Guided Tour Inside a Nuclear Warship, Tom Clancy estimated the top speed of Los Angeles-class submarines at about 37 knots.

The U.S. Navy gives the maximum operating depth of the Los Angeles class as 650 feet (200 m), while Patrick Tyler, in his book Running Critical, suggests a maximum operating depth of 950 feet (290 m).Although Tyler cites the 688-class design committee for this figure,the government has not commented on it. The maximum diving depth is 1,475 feet (450 m) according to Jane's Fighting Ships, 2004–2005 Edition, edited by Commodore Stephen Saunders of the Royal Navy.

Los Angeles class submarines carry about 25 torpedo-tube-launched weapons and all boats of the class are capable of launching Tomahawk cruise missiles horizontally (from the torpedo tubes). The last 31 boats of this class also have 12 dedicated vertical launching system (VLS) tubes for launching Tomahawks.

Tungsten Alloy Ball for Phalanx CIWS

Tungsten alloy ball is small in volume but very dense. It is used as ammunition for Phalanx CIWS.

The Phalanx CIWS is a close-in weapon system for defending against anti-ship missiles. It was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division (now a part of Raytheon). Consisting of a radar-guided 20 mm (0.79 in) Gatling gun mounted on a swiveling base, the Phalanx is used by multiple Navies around the world, namely the Royal Navy and the United States Navy on every class of surface combat ship, by the United States Coast Guard aboard its Hamilton-class and Legend-class cutters and the navies of 16 allied nations.

A land based variant known as C-RAM has recently been deployed in a short range missile defense role, to counter incoming rockets and artillery fire.

Because of their distinctive barrel-shaped radome and their automated nature of operation, Phalanx CIWS units are sometimes nicknamed "R2-D2" after the famous droid from Star Wars, and in the Royal Navy as Daleks, after the aliens from Doctor Who.

The basis of the system is the 20 mm M61 Vulcan Gatling gun autocannon, used since the 1960s by the United States military in nearly all fighter aircraft (and one land mounting, the M163 VADS), linked to a Ku-band radar system for acquiring and tracking targets. This proven system was combined with a purpose-made mounting, capable of fast elevation and traverse speeds, to track incoming targets. An entirely self-contained unit, the mounting houses the gun, an automated fire control system and all other major components, enabling it to automatically search for, detect, track, engage and confirm kills using its computer-controlled radar system. Due to this self-contained nature, Phalanx is ideal for support ships which lack integrated targeting systems and generally have limited sensors. The entire unit has a mass between 5,500 and 6,100 kg (12,400 to 13,500 lb).

Due to the continuing evolution of both threats and computer technology, the Phalanx system has, like most military systems, been developed through a number of different configurations. The basic (original) style is the Block 0, equipped with first generation solid state electronics and with marginal capability against surface targets. The Block 1 (1988) upgrade offered various improvements in radar, ammunition, rate of fire, increasing engagement elevation to +70 degrees, and computing. These improvements were intended to increase the system's capability against emerging Russian supersonic anti-ship missiles. Block 1A introduced a new computer system to counter more maneuverable targets. The Block 1B PSuM (Phalanx Surface Mode, 1999) adds a forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensor to allow the weapon to be used against surface targets.[9] This addition was developed to provide ship defense against small vessel threats and other "floaters" in littoral waters and to improve the weapon's performance against slower low-flying aircraft. The FLIR's capability is also of use against low-observability missiles and can be linked with the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) system to increase RAM engagement range and accuracy. The Block 1B also allows for an operator to visually identify and target threats.

The U.S. is in the process of upgrading all their Phalanx systems to the Block 1B configuration. The Block 1B is also used by other navies such as Canada, Portugal, Japan, Egypt, Bahrain and the UK.

In May 2009, the US Navy awarded a $260 million contract to Raytheon Missile Systems to perform upgrades and other work on the Phalanx. The work is to be completed by September 2012.

Theory of Tungsten Alloy Armor Piercing Bullets

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are famous for their ability to penetrate target. It is mostly because large kinetic energy and their high tensile strength focused on the target. The bullets are made from the high-density tungsten alloy that is much harder than most armor. All have very hard warheads.

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets can be used against tanks, armored vehicles and concrete fortifications. When fired, bullets are under the high-temperature, high-pressure gas. Reach the target; it will make a pit in the surface of the armor, red out the armor and the pit bottom at the same time. At this time, although the head has been broken, missile force the powerful impact of inertia, it will continue onrush. When the impact force reaches a certain value, the fuse is triggered; it caused the explosion of the projectile charge. At this time, exploding charge will create tons of pressure per square centimeter in area, killing the crew inside the tank or destroying armored weapons.

If you want to know more about tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet,you can visit http://www.tungsten-alloy.com

Tungsten Alloy Cube for Military

Tungsten alloy cube

Density: 16.5-18.75 g/cm3
Composition: W content: 85-99%, W-Ni-Fe, W-Ni-Cu
Supply state: Sinter state, Grind state
Application: balance weight, Military industry.
Advantage: High-density, High absorption capacity against X-rays and gamma rays, Good modulus of elasticity, High hardness.

Consist of 85-98% tungsten with balanced commonly nickel and iron or copper. The alloys are made by liquid-phase sintering to give a structure consisting of almost pure tungsten particles in a matrix of the alloy elements. Tungsten Heavy

Alloys, with densities between 16.9 and 18.1 g/cm3, represent the heaviest materials generally available to the engineer. It has excellent radiation resistance, thermal and electric conductivities, corrosion resistance and machinable. We can offer tungsten alloys with tungsten contents ranging from 85 to 98% with a range of physical and mechanical properties as well as non-magnetic W-Ni-Cu.

The Advantages of Tungsten Alloy cube

Why we adopt tungsten alloy cube for parts of extrusion die instead of lead or aluminum or other materials' block? Because tungsten alloy has high melting point more than ten times higher than lead, which is important in extrusion die process. Then, tungsten alloy has high Mohs hardness. What is the most important reason is that tungsten alloy is environment friendly, which lead can not reach.

Tungsten Alloy Military Properties

Tungsten alloy military properties: high density (60% denser than lead and much denser than steel), high temperature resistance, high melting point, excellent hardness (40HRC, tungsten alloy rod between 26HRC and 30HRC), good corrosion resistance, superior wearing resistance, high ultimate tensile strength (1200MPa~1400MPa), non-toxic and environmentally friendly, etc. Apart form these tungsten alloy properties, tungsten alloy also has military properties. Tungsten military properties: high velocity, long hitting the distance and good accuracy, etc.

As for tungsten alloy properties, it is the best material to make military weapon such as: bullet, armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), flying carrier, armor and shells, shrapnel head, bulletproof vehicles, grenade, tanks panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. The product decide it uses in military field.

Due to the damage to the environment of lead and depleted uranium, tungsten alloy is the first choice and the best alternative to make military weapon for it is denser and harder than other materials. Tungsten alloy has high melting point so it can keep its shape in high temperature. The most important point is that it is non-toxic and environmentally friendly, it can not bring harm to the environment.

Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for Armor Piercing

The armor piercing adopted by ZTZ-99 tank is made of tungsten alloy swaging rod. Tungsten alloy swaging rod highly improves the penetration of armor piercing.

Transient high heat loads simulations by using the electron beam facility have been performed on two tungsten heavy alloy swaging rod grades at several power loads with a pulse duration of 5 ms. The cracking patterns of the two tungsten heavy alloy swaging rod grades are quite similar. All cracks occurred along the grain boundary and located across the loaded area. The cracks can be distinguished with two levels, major cracks with larger crack width but lower crack density and microcracks with smaller crack width but higher crack density. The higher the deformation level of tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing and heat loading power density, the smaller the major crack density will be, but there is no obvious difference in the microcracks pattern. No melting occurred for both tungsten alloy swaging rod grades after transient heat loading at power density of 0.88 GW m−2.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile which is made of tungsten alloy comprising a high density penetrator core with a tapered front end and a multi-part outer case in partial contact with the core. This kind of armor piercing projectile will not penetrate because the multi-part jointed case is not as strong as a single-piece, monolithic case. Also, since the hard core is loose and not bonded to the case, then the core can not provide additional structural support. In addition, tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile does not have the ability to either explosively damage the target after penetration, or take data from an instrumentation package during or after penetration.

"Hollow-point" design results in radial expansion of the jacket into "petals" as the tungsten alloy swaging rod travels through the target. Such "flowering" of the case upon impact severely limits the depth of penetration into hardened targets.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile comprising a heavy metal core and a segmented sabot with both right-handed and left-handed threads that separates from the core after exiting the gun's nozzle. It will not penetrate deeply because the nose end is made of a brittle heavy metal alloy, rather than high-strength steel. Also, it requires the use of a discarding sabot carrier.

Tungsten Alloy Ball for Fragments

Tungsten alloy ball is small in volume but very dense. Tungsten alloy ball has the advantage of density, hardness. So tungsten alloy is quie suitable for military weapons.

Fragmentation warhead is one of the main types of warheads, mainly by the role of high-energy explosives, the formation of a large number of high-speed fragments, using high-speed hitting the tungsten prefabricated fragments, the role of ignition and detonation damage targets, and can be used for anti-effectives (human, animal), no armor or light armored vehicles, aircraft, radar and missiles and other weapons and equipment. According to the generation of fragments channels, fragmentation warhead can be divided into natural, pre-control and pre-fragmented warhead three types.

Tungsten prefabricated fragments are natural under detonation. Tungsten alloy ball, the shell expansion, fracture broken of such warheads is characterized not only as a container shell to form another anti-elements, fragments the size of the uneven, irregular shape in the air fast decay in flight speed, so that the effective anti-personnel grenade is limited in scope. Usually, tungsten prefabricated fragments made from tungsten alloy ball.

Primary fragments are formed as a result of the shattering of the casing of conventional munitions. Tungsten alloy frefabricated fragments usually are small and travel initially at velocities of the order of thousands of feet per second. Secondary tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments are formed as a result of high blast pressures on structural components and items in close proximity to the explosion. These prefabricated fragments are somewhat larger than primary fragments and travel initially at velocities in the order of hundreds of feet per second. A hazardous prefabricated fragment is one having an impact energy of 58 ft-lb (79 joules) or greater. Tungsten alloy refabricated fragments forming a pre-processing will be the shape and quality of pre-designed steel ball, steel arrows, tungsten ball/tungsten sphere, tungsten prefabricated column fragments produced prefabricated sets of body fragments, and installed in the grenade projectile outer surface or inner surface. These prefabricated projectile fragmentation grenade explosion with the formation of fragments together constitute the natural fragmentation field, due to resistance of prefabricated fragments flying characteristic consistency, with tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments of the grenade will be set within the framework of the lethal effect of a relatively dense, full-bombs a greater degree of lethality increase. 

Primary fragments are formed as a result of the shattering of the casing of conventional munitions. Tungsten alloy frefabricated fragments usually are small and travel initially at velocities of the order of thousands of feet per second. Secondary tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments are formed as a result of high blast pressures on structural components and items in close proximity to the explosion. These prefabricated fragments are somewhat larger than primary fragments and travel initially at velocities in the order of hundreds of feet per second. A hazardous prefabricated fragment is one having an impact energy of 58 ft-lb (79 joules) or greater. Tungsten alloy refabricated fragments forming a pre-processing will be the shape and quality of pre-designed steel ball, steel arrows, tungsten ball/tungsten sphere, tungsten prefabricated column fragments produced prefabricated sets of body fragments, and installed in the grenade projectile outer surface or inner surface. These prefabricated projectile fragmentation grenade explosion with the formation of fragments together constitute the natural fragmentation field, due to resistance of prefabricated fragments flying characteristic consistency, with tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments of the grenade will be set within the framework of the lethal effect of a relatively dense, full-bombs a greater degree of lethality increase. 

Technological Core of Tungsten Military Defense

The 35mm by 228mm AHEAD ammunition is an original cartridge type, programmed detonator ammunition, composed of a Programmable Fuze System, tungsten alloy subprojectiles, ejection standoff ammunition, a thin-walled body, nitrified fibre firing ammunition and steel ammunition cartridge. This tungsten military defense is become more and more widely used in the military field.

Tungsten Military Defense in Anti-missile:

In the anti-missile role it uses Advanced Hit Efficiency And Destruction (AHEAD) ammunition. This round ejects 152 tungsten projectiles at a predetermined distance, between 40 and 10 m, from the target. A 25-round burst of AHEAD rounds produces 3,800 of these small projectiles to destroy the incoming missile. Cruise missiles can be destroyed at 2.5 km and high speed missiles at 1.5 km range by tungsten military defense. A more common projectile to see in service is the advanced hit efficiency and destruction [AHEAD] round. Given the size of the diameter and the larger length of the projectile, as opposed to a 35mm AHEAD round, more subprojectiles are carried - one hundred and eighty as opposed to one hundred and fifty-two . The submunitions of this tungsten military defense are tungsten-alloy [WHA] spheres, designed for both penetration and 'mass effect', to increase the likelihood of engaging the incoming 'vampire' or 'bogie'. The round is termed the MCP170 and uses a programmable magnetic fuze which uses information provided by the coil velocity gauge near the gun's muzzle in order to automatically compute the correct estimated time to target.

More knowledge of tungsten military defense for AHEAD C141:

The combat efficiency of the AHEAD ammunition is due to the payload of 152 tungsten alloy subprojectiles weighing 3.3 grams each. These subprojectiles are activated at a certain distance in front of the intercepted target, forming a mass of lethal subprojectiles, greatly augmenting the probability of a kill. The tungsten alloy subprojectiles have a sharp edge, ensuring that this tungsten military defense can inroad into the target with precise accuracy, tungsten military defense also provides the kinetic energy to destroy the electrical components, payloads or motor of the target.

Tungsten Alloy Shot

Tungsten alloy shot is used as the shot for shotgun hunting shells. The pellets spread upon leaving the barrel, and the power of the burning charge is divided among the pellets, which means that the energy of any one ball of shot is fairly low. In a hunting context, the product makes shotguns useful primarily for hunting birds and other small games.

High density, great hardness and resistance to high temperature make tungsten to be one of the most sought -after material for shotgun pellets in hunting history . Density of tungsten alloy shot is about 18g/cm3, which is comparable only to gold ,platinum, or bismuth. To understand how the density factors of tungsten heavy alloy into performance, let us look at two spheres about the same size of tungsten alloy shot, a golf ball and a ping -pong ball. The golf ball is far denser and will fly farther and hit harder. Now reducing that size  down to two single, getting the picture. Tungsten alloy will fly farther, hit harder and penetrate deeper, which means more birds ,farther our ,with fewer cripples. Another unique property of tungsten alloy is that it is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is safe for people to handle and work.

A shotgun (also known as a scattergun and peppergun, or historically as a fowling piece) is a firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder, which uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number of small spherical pellets called shot, or a solid projectile called a slug. Shotguns come in a wide variety of sizes, ranging from 5.5 mm (.22 inch) bore up to 5 cm (2.0 in) bore, and in a range of firearm operating mechanisms, including breech loading, single-barreled, double or combination gun, pump-action, bolt-, and lever-action, semi-automatic, and even fully automatic variants.

A shotgun is generally a smoothbore firearm, which means that the inside of the barrel is not rifled. Preceding smoothbore firearms, such as the musket, were widely used by armies in the 18th century. The direct ancestor to the shotgun, the blunderbuss, was also used in a similar variety of roles from self defence to riot control. It was often used by cavalry troops due to its generally shorter length and ease of use, as well as by coachmen for its substantial power. However, in the 19th century, these weapons were largely replaced on the battlefield with breechloading rifled firearms, which were more accurate over longer ranges. The military value of shotguns was rediscovered in the First World War, when American forces used 12-gauge pump action shotguns in close-quarters trench fighting to great effect. Since then, it has been used in a variety of roles in civilian, law enforcement, and military applications.

The shot pellets from a shotgun spread upon leaving the barrel, and the power of the burning charge is divided among the pellets, which means that the energy of any one ball of shot is fairly low. In a hunting context, this makes shotguns useful primarily for hunting birds and other small game. However, in a military or law enforcement context, the large number of projectiles makes the shotgun useful as a close quarters combat weapon or a defensive weapon. Shotguns are also used for target shooting sports such as skeet, trap, and sporting clays. These involve shooting clay disks, known as clay pigeons, thrown in various ways.

Tungsten Alloy Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot

Every weekend, I always play Battlefield 3 with my friends on Xbox360. Battlefield 3 is a first-person shooter game, presented by Electronic Arts in 2011. In the game, I can join in Russian Army or U.S. Marine and fight on the battlefield. T-90 is my favorite tank in the game.

The T-90 is a Russian third-generation main battle tank that is a modernisation of the T-72 (it was originally to be called the T-72BU, later renamed to T-90). It is currently the most modern tank in service with the Russian Ground Forces and Naval Infantry. Although a development of the T-72, the T-90 uses a 125mm 2A46 smoothbore tank gun, 1G46 gunner sights, a new engine, and thermal sights. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel, composite armour, Smoke mortars, Kontakt-5 explosive-reactive armor, laser warning receivers, Nakidka camouflage and the Shtora infrared ATGM jamming system. The EMT-7 electromagnetic pulse (EMP) creator is used in testing but not fitted to T-90s in active service.[3] It is designed and built by Uralvagonzavod, in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. From 2011, the Russian armed forces have ceased ordering the T-90, and are instead waiting for the development of the Universal Combat Platform T-99 that is expected to enter service in 2020. T-90 can launch Tungsten alloy armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS).

Tungsten alloy armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) is a type of ammunition which, like a bullet, does not contain explosives and uses kinetic energy to penetrate the target. The term can apply to any type of armor-piercing shot but typically refers to a modern type of armor piercing weapon, the tungsten alloy armo piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot, a type of long-rod penetrator (LRP), and not to small arms bullets.
The principle of tungsten alloy armor piercing is that it uses tungsten alloy armor piercing kinetic energy, which is a function of mass and velocity, to force its way through armor. The modern KE weapon maximizes KE and minimizes the area over which it is delivered by: maximizing the mass of whatever (albeit small) volume is occupied by the projectile—that is, using the densest metals practical, which is one of the reasons depleted uranium is often used, being fired with a very high muzzle velocity, concentrating the force in a small impact area while still retaining a relatively large mass.

  

Tungsten Alloy Helicoper Shoes

Tungsten alloy helicopter shoes are one of the components in the plane which is used on the ground parking, slide, landing taxiing used to support the weight of the plane crash, absorb energy.Tungsten heavy alloy helicopter shoes can absorb and consume the hit energy when the plane landed. Tungsten heavy alloy helicopter shoes have four functions:
Firstly, under gravity when the plane on the ground parking, sliding, taking off, running smooth and landing.
Secondly, bearing, consuming and absorbing the energy and turbulence when the plane landed in ground.
Thirdly, braking while the plane sliding.
Lastly, Steering airplanes while the plane sliding.

As is known to us all, tungsten alloy has so many advantages such as high density, high melting point, small volume, excellent hardness, superior wearing resistance, high ultimate tensile strength, high ductility, high temperature resistance, good corrosion resistance, excellent thermal stability and thermal shock resistance, etc. Tungsten alloy is the perfect material to make helicopter because of the high melting point and superior wearing resistance. When the plane landing and sliding, the speed is very fast, so the friction is so big and it can produce a lot of heat, tungsten alloy helicopter shoes can resistant this problems and keep the plane land safely. Good corrosion resistance is another advantage for tungsten alloy to make helicopter shoes, when the helicopter emergency landing, it does have the choice of the ground, the product can not be corrosion when the environment is bad.

AH-1 Super Cobra is also equipped with tungsten alloy helicopter shoes. AH-1 Super Cobra is is a twin-engine attack helicopter based on the AH-1 Cobra which developed by Bell.

AH-1 Super Cobra serves in the U.S. Marine. Otherwise, it is also adopted in Korea, Japan or other countries.

Tungsten Alloy for Protection against X-rays and Gamma Radiation

Tungsten Alloy for Protection against X-rays and Gamma Radiation
The tungsten alloy reliably shields against X-rays and gamma radiation. With its new production process and great expertise in the materials field, PLANSEE has made the manufacture of shielding components particularly cost-effective.
Whether in the world of medical or industrial X-ray technology, radiotherapy or nuclear power stations: Wherever high-energy radiation is used, it is vital to protect people against it.
The denser the material, the better able it is to protect from radiation. That is why heavy elements absorb X-rays and gamma radiation particularly well. Lead is still the most frequently used shielding material. Because it is a very soft material, it is mostly used only in combination with support structures made of steel.
Lead is a toxic material that is harmful to the environment and humans. The onerous recycling process makes lead expensive despite the low initial procurement costs. Many enterprises are therefore looking for a suitable alternative for providing reliable radiation protection.
Combines shielding properties with excellent machinability
The density of tungsten is 60 percent higher than that of lead. That is why even thinner layers of tungsten are able to provide reliable shielding against radiation.
The tungsten alloy is particularly suitable as a shielding material. It consists of tungsten and a small proportion of nickel-iron. Like tungsten, the material has excellent shielding properties. However, it is also considerably more ductile than tungsten and can therefore be machined better.
Thanks to the ductility and high melting point of the material, isotope containers made from are also able to withstand extreme mechanical and thermal loads.
Because of their high strength, components act as both the support structure and the shielding in one. Unlike when lead is used, no additional steel support structures are required.

Tungsten Copper Alloy for Military

Cadillac Ventures looks to take former tungsten mine to production
Cadillac Ventures has recently turned its focus to the former Burnt Hill tungsten mine in New Brunswick – a property on which the company expects to restart development for little cost.
Late in November, the Toronto-based company announced that it resumed exploration on the property, which covers more than 125 square kilometres and has NI 43-101 compliant tungsten, tin and molybdenum resources.
The base metals explorer has generated buzz since the news, with its stock up more than 10 per cent in the last month.
Historical work on the mine dates back to the early part of last century, but new showings have since been discovered, in particular for tin, which will be tested in the new year.
Cadillac’s CEO, Norman Brewster, has been himself involved with the mine since the 1970s, when he was hired as a consultant by then-owner – Canadian International Paper – to assess whether the mine could be put back into production economically.
Based on a pilot plant test operation with some 14,000 tonnes, a feasibility study was done in the early 1980s, combined with a flow sheet and mill processing approach, but the price of strategic metal tungsten fell, says Brewster, after which the project became “uneconomic”. “As a result, it didn’t see the light again until 2000, when I bought it,” he adds.
Tungsten is the second hardest substance with the highest melting point, and has several industrial and military applications.
After some ownership changes, Cadillac Ventures now holds a 51 per cent interest in the Burnt Hill project, with Noront Resources holding the remainder. Brewster did some twinning of historical holes on the property, as well as some other diamond drilling to pull together the latest NI 43-101 resource estimate from 2009.
“The proposed gravity plant at the site is a simplistic, inexpensive plant to build by comparison to other base metal projects,” Cadillac’s CEO asserts. “The intent is to re-take the project to feasibility study and put it into production with as little money as we can, and by replicating previous work as completely as we can.”
The phase 1 ground exploration program at the property will target the Tin Hill, Burnt Hill Brook Area, the Burnt Hill Mine Area, and the 2 1/2 Mile Brook Area, with two prospecting crews currently in the field.
The company has said that the sampling program in each area has successfully located outcrop mineralization with quartz veining at each site. The mineralization found has been sampled, with more than 2,800 samples submitted to a lab for testing, with results to be released when available.
Cadillac has just raised $1.2 million under a recent financing to fund exploration, and plans to raise more funds next year.
“The drilling program at Burnt Hill, of some 3,000 metres, will hopefully allow us to update the resources in the next few months,” says Brewster.
Burnt Hill currently holds 461,000 tonnes of total NI 43-101 compliant underground and open pit resources in the indicated category, grading 0.489% tungsten and 0.01% tin. The inferred category holds a total of 590,000 tonnes, grading 0.535% tungsten and 0.013% tin.
Cadillac also stands to benefit from its nickel and copper Thierry project in northwestern Ontario, which consists of the past producing Thierry Mine and hosts two NI 43-101 compliant resources at the Thierry Mine and the K1-1 deposit.
The idea at this property is to blend the two ores from K1-1 and Thierry, and process material together in a common plant, running the plant at around 15,000 tonnes per day.
In September, the company released results from its summer drilling program on the K1-1 open pit deposit, located about three kilometres from the Thierry Mine. It said the campaign was a success as each hole found mineralization outside of the current NI 43-101 compliant Whittle Pit model. The results included notable intersections such as 225 feet at 0.48% copper and 0.11% nickel, as well as 160.2 feet at 0.51% copper and 0.1% nickel.
Based on a preliminary economic assessment, the Thierry project was estimated to produce a total of 5.25 million tonnes per year, comprised of 3.85 million tonnes from open pit, and 1.4 million tonnes from the underground operation.
The report showed a pre-tax net present value of $380 million using a six per cent discount rate and an internal rate of return, on a pre-tax basis, of 19 per cent, with a life-of-mine NSR revenue total of $3.7 billion.
Total estimated capital costs were seen at $843 million, or $11.93 per tonne, with a payback period of four years from the start of commercial production on pre-production capital.
“The project is far more complex and costly than Burnt Hill, and we would need to sign a strategic alliance agreement with a third party to further develop Thierry.”
In the meantime, the junior base metals explorer is planning to continue drilling on the K1-1 deposit, with the aim of creating “substantially more tonnage” on the open pit deposit. The company is working to update the resource at K1-1, and is targeting "further positive results" outside the current pit, with mineralization extending at depth.
Brewster says that an additional 5,000 to 7,000 metres needs to be drilled before the K1-1 resource is updated, with around 3,000 metres having been drilled so far. Baseline monitoring and environmental work is also continuing at Thierry, but a partnership is necessary to take the project to the next level.
Discussions for a potential partnership agreement at Thierry are ongoing. The Thierry Mine, which remains open at depth and to the west, has 8.8 million tonnes in estimated measured and indicated resources and 14.9 million tonnes of inferred, using a cut-off NSR of C$41/tonne. The open pit K1-1 deposit holds 53.61 million tonnes in the inferred category, at an NSR cut-off of C$11/tonne.
Cadillac’s Brewster is an optimist when speaking of the market for Canadian juniors. “There is a dichotomy between commodity prices and prices of juniors. Stock prices are at all-time lows and commodities are at near all-time highs, but I expect this will get better.”
“We have created an environment where investors will hopefully be supportive of our stock. I have had a long history with the Burnt Hill property and I know what is required to put the mine back into production.”
Indeed, Brewster forecasts a supply cliff for tin in the world beginning sometime in 2015, which he says will also apply to some degree for tungsten given that China uses nearly all what it produces internally – boding well for the Burnt Hill asset in the future.

Cadillac Ventures takes former tungsten mine to production

Cadillac Ventures has recently turned its focus to the former Burnt Hill tungsten mine in New Brunswick – a property on which the company expects to restart development for little cost.
Late in November, the Toronto-based company announced that it resumed exploration on the property, which covers more than 125 square kilometres and has NI 43-101 compliant tungsten, tin and molybdenum resources.
The base metals explorer has generated buzz since the news, with its stock up more than 10 per cent in the last month.
Historical work on the mine dates back to the early part of last century, but new showings have since been discovered, in particular for tin, which will be tested in the new year.
Cadillac’s CEO, Norman Brewster, has been himself involved with the mine since the 1970s, when he was hired as a consultant by then-owner – Canadian International Paper – to assess whether the mine could be put back into production economically.
Based on a pilot plant test operation with some 14,000 tonnes, a feasibility study was done in the early 1980s, combined with a flow sheet and mill processing approach, but the price of strategic metal tungsten fell, says Brewster, after which the project became “uneconomic”. “As a result, it didn’t see the light again until 2000, when I bought it,” he adds.
Tungsten is the second hardest substance with the highest melting point, and has several industrial and military applications.
After some ownership changes, Cadillac Ventures now holds a 51 per cent interest in the Burnt Hill project, with Noront Resources holding the remainder. Brewster did some twinning of historical holes on the property, as well as some other diamond drilling to pull together the latest NI 43-101 resource estimate from 2009.
“The proposed gravity plant at the site is a simplistic, inexpensive plant to build by comparison to other base metal projects,” Cadillac’s CEO asserts. “The intent is to re-take the project to feasibility study and put it into production with as little money as we can, and by replicating previous work as completely as we can.”
The phase 1 ground exploration program at the property will target the Tin Hill, Burnt Hill Brook Area, the Burnt Hill Mine Area, and the 2 1/2 Mile Brook Area, with two prospecting crews currently in the field.
The company has said that the sampling program in each area has successfully located outcrop mineralization with quartz veining at each site. The mineralization found has been sampled, with more than 2,800 samples submitted to a lab for testing, with results to be released when available.
Cadillac has just raised $1.2 million under a recent financing to fund exploration, and plans to raise more funds next year.
“The drilling program at Burnt Hill, of some 3,000 metres, will hopefully allow us to update the resources in the next few months,” says Brewster.
Burnt Hill currently holds 461,000 tonnes of total NI 43-101 compliant underground and open pit resources in the indicated category, grading 0.489% tungsten and 0.01% tin. The inferred category holds a total of 590,000 tonnes, grading 0.535% tungsten and 0.013% tin.
Cadillac also stands to benefit from its nickel and copper Thierry project in northwestern Ontario, which consists of the past producing Thierry Mine and hosts two NI 43-101 compliant resources at the Thierry Mine and the K1-1 deposit.
The idea at this property is to blend the two ores from K1-1 and Thierry, and process material together in a common plant, running the plant at around 15,000 tonnes per day.
In September, the company released results from its summer drilling program on the K1-1 open pit deposit, located about three kilometres from the Thierry Mine. It said the campaign was a success as each hole found mineralization outside of the current NI 43-101 compliant Whittle Pit model. The results included notable intersections such as 225 feet at 0.48% copper and 0.11% nickel, as well as 160.2 feet at 0.51% copper and 0.1% nickel.
Based on a preliminary economic assessment, the Thierry project was estimated to produce a total of 5.25 million tonnes per year, comprised of 3.85 million tonnes from open pit, and 1.4 million tonnes from the underground operation.
The report showed a pre-tax net present value of $380 million using a six per cent discount rate and an internal rate of return, on a pre-tax basis, of 19 per cent, with a life-of-mine NSR revenue total of $3.7 billion.
Total estimated capital costs were seen at $843 million, or $11.93 per tonne, with a payback period of four years from the start of commercial production on pre-production capital.
“The project is far more complex and costly than Burnt Hill, and we would need to sign a strategic alliance agreement with a third party to further develop Thierry.”
In the meantime, the junior base metals explorer is planning to continue drilling on the K1-1 deposit, with the aim of creating “substantially more tonnage” on the open pit deposit. The company is working to update the resource at K1-1, and is targeting "further positive results" outside the current pit, with mineralization extending at depth.
Brewster says that an additional 5,000 to 7,000 metres needs to be drilled before the K1-1 resource is updated, with around 3,000 metres having been drilled so far. Baseline monitoring and environmental work is also continuing at Thierry, but a partnership is necessary to take the project to the next level.
Discussions for a potential partnership agreement at Thierry are ongoing. The Thierry Mine, which remains open at depth and to the west, has 8.8 million tonnes in estimated measured and indicated resources and 14.9 million tonnes of inferred, using a cut-off NSR of C$41/tonne. The open pit K1-1 deposit holds 53.61 million tonnes in the inferred category, at an NSR cut-off of C$11/tonne.
Cadillac’s Brewster is an optimist when speaking of the market for Canadian juniors. “There is a dichotomy between commodity prices and prices of juniors. Stock prices are at all-time lows and commodities are at near all-time highs, but I expect this will get better.”
“We have created an environment where investors will hopefully be supportive of our stock. I have had a long history with the Burnt Hill property and I know what is required to put the mine back into production.”
Indeed, Brewster forecasts a supply cliff for tin in the world beginning sometime in 2015, which he says will also apply to some degree for tungsten given that China uses nearly all what it produces internally – boding well for the Burnt Hill asset in the future.

North American Tungsten: CEO Interview

Tungsten is the hardest and strongest metal on the planet. It is over three times harder than chromium, cobalt and titanium and over five times harder than nickel, iron and platinum. Tungsten alloys well with other metals and displays high resistance to corrosion.
Strategically speaking, tungsten was ranked in a first place tie with rare earth elements on the British Geological Survey annual mineral "risk list" in 2012.
The updated risk list gives an indication of the relative risk to the supply of a chemical element or element groups which are required to maintain our economy and lifestyle.
The position of an element on this list is determined by a number of factors which might affect availability. These include the abundance of elements in the Earth's crust, the location of current production and reserves, and the political stability of those locations. Recycling rates are also included in the analysis.
North American Tungsten is a leading junior tungsten producer. The company currently produces 4% of the world's supply and has been producing tungsten from its Cantung mine in Canada's Northwest Territories since 2001.
The company has navigated two mine shutdowns and restarts and, during the most recently shutdown in 2010, upgraded the mine with a $25 million capital program. In addition to the Cantung mine, North American Tungsten owns the MacTung property which boasts one of the largest high-grade tungsten deposits in the world.
We recently joined company President & CEO, Stephen Leahy, for a one-on-one interview where we took a look back in time, and found out what's in store for 2013.
For many mining investors tungsten is a relatively unknown metal. Please tell our readers about tungsten mining and what tungsten is primarily used for.
Tungsten is a Strategic metal with significant attributes. It is the hardest material on earth besides diamonds, it has the highest melting point of any metal, it is close to gold in density, and it is non-toxic.
The majority of tungsten use is in cutting tools, inserts and drills. These equate to approx. 65% of consumption. The balance is widespread including military, electronics, lighting and even jewelry. New composite technology is opening up significant new markets for Tungsten that will use its density and non-toxicity as key drivers.
North American Tungsten produces 4% of the world’s tungsten – who do you sell to and what does a typical sale look like?
While all of our off-take agreements are confidential, I can tell you that we currently ship about 70% of our production to Asia and 30% to Europe. We typically contract for a minimum of one year and our pricing is usually 80% or higher of the LMB Ammonium Paratungstate quotation which is adjusted monthly.
Currently, production is out of your CanTung mine in the Northwest Territories. How long has the mine been in operation and what are the current operational highlights?
The CanTung Mine started operations in the early 60’s as an open pit mine and moved underground in the early 70’s. While we currently only have some 2 years of forward resources, we’ve had that approx. number for the last eight years of mining. Needless to say, we do believe that there is much more development to be done at CanTung.
We do boast the highest head grade of any mine we know of and our gravity concentrate is world renowned for its exceptional quality. We have made significant improvements, investing some $50 million at the mine in the last 2 years, boosting productivity and efficiencies.
On October 16th the company announced a major permitting milestone for its MacTung project in the Yukon. What is the significance of the Draft Screening Report?
The draft screening report from the Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Board recommending that our MacTung project proceed, is a major milestone in the Yukon mining permitting process. The DSR essentially gives the green light for the project to the government regulators for their approval.
Once permitting has been fully received, what are your plans for MacTung?
Financing is the key to MacTung and we have already started the process to connect with potential partners and long term off-take entities. The construction plans for MacTung call for a 2 year time frame.
Globally, how does MacTung stack up against other tungsten projects in operation or in development?
MacTung is the world’s largest known undeveloped high grade tungsten-skarn deposit with over 33 million tonnes at 0.88 WO3. That means a 30+ year mine life, which in the tungsten world is very very significant.
Disclosure: at publication date North American Tungsten is a client of MiningFeeds.

Tungsten Alloy Military Colombian Rebels Like Gold

Colombian rebels like gold
Income from gold mining has overtaken drug trafficking for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, according to a new report from political risk firm Exclusive Analysis.
In some cases the rebel groups and a new generation of drug gangs known locally as Bacrims, are carrying out their own gold mining operations and in others they are collecting protection money for equipment owned by mining companies, Amanda Russo, the intelligence company’s head of corporate communications, elaborates in an email from London.
“Mining income has overtaken that from drug trafficking for FARC rebels in some provinces,” Carlos Caicedo, head of the agency’s Latin American Forecasting and author of the report, outlined in a press release. “The scant security force presence in some of these remote areas permits the FARC and Bacrims to latch on to this and often fight each other for the right to extort.”
It is a similar situation in the departments of Cauca, Choco and Valle Del Cauca, the report claims. Caicedo also noted that FARC and drug gang involvement in gold mining increases the risk of extortion and property damage, particularly in places like Antioquia and Putumayo.
There is evidence, too, he said, of armed groups controlling coltan and tungsten operations in the eastern provinces of Vichada and Guainia.
But Robert Carrington, president and chief executive of Colombian Mines Corporation (CMJ-V), who has worked in Colombia for two decades, says the FARC have been doing this for some time and the government is battling it, and the report doesn’t break any new ground.
“Every once in a while someone reinvents the terror wheel about Colombia,” he says. “They try to bring out how dangerous a place it is, and the drugs, and it’s almost shock value to get people to read whatever it is they’re trying to say.”

Carrington says the FARC has engaged in illegal mining activity and extorted small Colombian miners for years, adding that he doesn’t know of any multinationals that are grappling with the issue. Extortion is usually a problem for Colombian nationals who are operating small placer operations, he explains, where one man with an excavator hires five or six men to help him. “Some times the guys will get a knock on their door at midnight and someone sticks a gun in their mouth and collects what they call a war tax; it’s protection money.”
Some of the guerrillas are also mining placer gold themselves, he adds. They will get equipment, either by stealing it or buying it, and find an area rich in placer gold and mine it themselves.
According to Carrington, guerrilla bands can show up almost anywhere but that for the most part they avoid highly populated areas that have good road networks because that is where they can be cornered by police and the military. He also points out that gold mining has been part of the country’s culture and its economy since pre-Colombian times, and as a result all the roads are in some of the more prospective gold regions and generally these areas have pretty high levels of security.
“What I tell all of our investors is, it’s just like working in Los Angeles,” he says. “If you go into the wrong neighborhood you are going to have trouble, but there are a lot of people who work in L.A. every day and never have a problem with crime or gangs and all of that.”
Having said that, however, Colombia is a country where you want to be careful and companies that choose to operate in more remote guerrilla-held territory are taking risks, he says. “There are some foreign companies operating in some parts of Colombia and I don’t know how they’re operating unless they’re paying protection money,” he says. “There are some companies working in parts of Colombia that I still elect not to work in. And whether it’s because they have military security there or maybe they pay protection money, I don’t know.”

Tungsten Heavy Alloy for Military

China’s mining occupation of the Philippines
While China’s brazen occupation of the Philippines’ Scarborough Shoal, located just 125 nautical miles from Masinloc, Zambales, has captured all the national and international attention, little has been mentioned about China’s occupation of the Philippine mining industry, an entirely different issue from the Filipino Chinese (“Chinoys”) domination of the Philippine economy.
For example, one of China’s vast army of mining companies operating almost under the radar in the Philippines is located near the Scarborough Shoal in the coastal town of Masinloc where China’s Wei-Wei Group has set up a US$100 million nickel processing plant. In nearby Botolan, Zambales, China’s Jiangxi Rare Earth and Rare Metals Tungsten Group Company Limited operates a US$150 million nickel exploration and cobalt processing project.
As the Asia Sentinel reported on November 12, 2012 (“China’s Filipino Gold Rush”), “With an estimated US$1 trillion in untapped mineral resources in the Philippines, according to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Chinese mining companies, many of them operating illegally, have been exporting gold, nickel and other precious minerals out through the island country’s porous coastal ports, where there are no customs officials and plenty of bribable officials to turn their eyes the other way.”
With its occupation of the Scarborough Shoal (what China calls “Huanyin Island”), smuggling precious metals from the Philippines to a China base will be even more convenient especially after it is transformed into a four story fortress, as China did with the Philippines’ Mischief Reef, located just 75 miles from Palawan, which China occupied in 1996.
The Asia Sentinel’s investigation reported that “as of now, of the gold registered as leaving the Philippines, only 3 percent of the exports are registered with customs officials… The other 97 percent arrives in Hong Kong without being taxed by the government in Manila, resulting in a massive tax loss.”
While that 97% of the gold is leaving the Philippines illegally, it is somehow legally entering Hong Kong as HK trade statistics showed that “gold consignments imported from Philippines into Hong Kong had been declared,” the Sentinel added.
In April of 2011, Pacific Strategies and Assessments (PSA), a company supplying foreign embassies and corporations in Manila with intelligence and business climate reports, released a study titled “Exploitive Chinese Mining in the Philippines” which reported that the incursion of Chinese mining firms into the Philippines has had a disastrous effect on the Philippine environment.
“While few are surprised over the assertiveness and penetration of Chinese mining investors, there is substantial evidence of unaccountability, misconduct and corruption in many Chinese mining deals,” the PSA reported.
These firms do not “deliver correct compensation for environmental damage and value of minerals extracted from devastated mining areas….Chinese mining companies have a reputation for poor adherence to environment standards, especially with regard to small-scale mining projects,” the report added.
China’s mine safety record is the worst in the world. More than 2,600 Chinese miners died in mining accidents last year. While China accounts for 40% of the world’s global coal output, it accounts for 80% of mining deaths in the world.
In 2008, the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources admitted that at least 3 million metric tons of various mineral ores were brought into China that were untaxed in the Philippines.
The Chinese mining companies’ occupation of the Philippines began in earnest during the administration of Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo when 26 Chinese corporations registered in the Philippines to mine for gold, iron ore, nickel, copper, manganese, lead, zinc, chromate and cobalt. They operate in 16 provinces in the Philippines: Cagayan, Benguet, Zambales, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Palawan, Leyte, Eastern Samar, Bohol, Cebu, Misamis Oriental, Davao Oriental, Surigao del Norte, Sultan Kudarat, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur.
One of China’s mining companies operating in the Philippines, the Jiangxi Rare Earth and Rare Metals Tungsten Group Co. Ltd., is a China government owned company. One of the minerals Jiangxi is mining in the Philippines is nickel. The Philippines is China’s No. 1 source of nickel ore, with Indonesia a close second. Because Indonesia has just imposed a nickel ore export ban, China will undoubtedly increase its import of nickel ore from the Philippines.
Nickel super-alloys are a critical component in advanced jet engines and are used in the engines of 5th generation jet fighters.
According to the 2006 Minerals Yearbook of the United States Geologic Survey: “The F-35 Joint Strike Force Fighter project is projected to include production of about 3,000 aircraft and 6,000 engines that would use 3rd generation nickel-based super-alloys. The F-22 Raptor is expected to add another 700 aircraft.”
China’s invasion of the Philippines’ Kalayaan Islands in the Spratlys, with its estimated 50 billion barrels of oil reserves, may likely be accomplished with the heavy-handed use of China’s People’s Liberation Army jets, made with nickel-based super-alloys extracted from the Philippines.
According to “Troubled Waters” documentary producer/director Vince Wade, “a military clash is a possibility but most people don’t realize these conflicts are essentially economic warfare, which is already underway,” Wade said.
“China appears to have a plan to use business and trade to gain de facto control of the economies of the Philippines and other Southeast Asian nations through domination of the energy, mineral and telecommunications sectors,” Wade added.
If China ever threatens again to embargo Philippine bananas or ban Chinese tourists from the Philippines to coerce the Philippine government to withdraw its ships from the Scarborough Shoal or any territory within the Philippines 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone, the Philippine government should retaliate by shutting down all nickel exports to China, and all the Chinese mining companies in the Philippines.

Tungsten Alloy Military in Global Nanotechnology Industry

Global Nanotechnology Industry
This report analyzes the Global market for Nanotechnology in US$ Billion by the following End-Use Sectors: Chemicals, Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, Semiconductors & Electronics, Pharma & Healthcare, Food, and Others. Annual estimates and forecasts are provided for the period 2009 through 2018.The report profiles 670 companies including many key and niche players such as Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc., Advanced Nano Products Company Limited, Altair Nanotechnologies Inc., Arrowhead Research Corporation., Calando Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bruker Corporation, Catalytic Materials, LLC, Chemat Technology Inc., eSpin Technologies, Inc., ELITech Group, Genefluidics, Inc., Hanwha Nanotech Corporation, Hybrid Plastics, Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc., Integran Technologies, Inc., Intrinsiq Materials Limited, Life Technologies Corportation, Luxtera, Inc., Nanocyl S.A., NanoGram Corporation, NanoMaterials Ltd., Nanosys, Inc., Quantumsphere, Inc., Raymor Industries, Inc., Rogue Valley Microdevices, Inc., Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co., Ltd., SouthWest NanoTechnologies, Inc., Starpharma Holdings, Dendritic Nanotechnologies, Inc., Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, LLC, and Unidym, Inc. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are primarily based upon search engine sources in the public domain.

Tungsten Alloy Products For Military

Tungsten is the new black -- surprise him with a strong gift
With the holidays here, it will soon be time to start the challenging process of finding the perfect gift for the man in your life. Why not a gift that captures your special guys' strength and power, with a bold sense of adventure?

If you miss Christmas, something surprising in the New Year would also be welcome.

In the past, typically men's rings were made from the same material that women's rings were made from. Gold, silver and platinum were all great options for men. However, changes in taste and lifestyle have brought other materials for mens' rings to the forefront, chiefly among them tungsten carbide rings.

Tungsten carbide has been to space, is used in industry and has applications in the aerospace and military arenas, making it that much more desirable for the modern male to have on his finger. They have a futuristic aura. For the man in your life lucky enough to receive one from you, it gives him unique freedom to express his individuality.

Tungsten is a very hard, dense metal, possessing the highest melting point of all metals - 6,100 degrees Fahrenheit. However, by itself tungsten is very susceptible to scratching and other damage. When combined with a carbon alloy, it gains a hardness of 8.5 to 9.5 on the Mohs scale, making it optimal for use in industry as well.

Due to their extreme hardness and always polished appearance, tungsten carbide rings make a great gift for the man in your life. Because of their hardness, the ring will never be scratched. And unlike titanium rings, which are also hot on the men's jewelry market now, a tungsten carbide ring cannot be bent out of shape.

One drawback to all this damage resistance, however, in that tungsten carbide rings are almost impossible to resize. For this reason, if the ring is to be a gift, make sure you select the right size.

When selecting a tungsten ring for the man on your list, make sure to select a cobalt-free ring. Some cheaper tungsten carbide rings use this alloy in the production process. Cobalt can be combined with tungsten much easier, making for a cheaper production process. However, the cobalt can react with the oils in your skin and develop permanent oxidation damage that cannot be removed.

For a gift as strong and powerful as the special man you are selecting it for - tungsten carbide stands the test of time.

Tungsten Alloy For Military

North American Tungsten: CEO Interview
Tungsten is the hardest and strongest metal on the planet. It is over three times harder than chromium, cobalt and titanium and over five times harder than nickel, iron and platinum. Tungsten alloys well with other metals and displays high resistance to corrosion.

Strategically speaking, tungsten was ranked in a first place tie with rare earth elements on the British Geological Survey annual mineral "risk list" in 2012.

The updated risk list gives an indication of the relative risk to the supply of a chemical element or element groups which are required to maintain our economy and lifestyle.

The position of an element on this list is determined by a number of factors which might affect availability. These include the abundance of elements in the Earth's crust, the location of current production and reserves, and the political stability of those locations. Recycling rates are also included in the analysis.

North American Tungsten is a leading junior tungsten producer. The company currently produces 4% of the world's supply and has been producing tungsten from its Cantung mine in Canada's Northwest Territories since 2001.

The company has navigated two mine shutdowns and restarts and, during the most recently shutdown in 2010, upgraded the mine with a $25 million capital program. In addition to the Cantung mine, North American Tungsten owns the MacTung property which boasts one of the largest high-grade tungsten deposits in the world.

We recently joined company President & CEO, Stephen Leahy, for a one-on-one interview where we took a look back in time, and found out what's in store for 2013.

For many mining investors tungsten is a relatively unknown metal. Please tell our readers about tungsten mining and what tungsten is primarily used for.

Tungsten is a Strategic metal with significant attributes. It is the hardest material on earth besides diamonds, it has the highest melting point of any metal, it is close to gold in density, and it is non-toxic.

The majority of tungsten use is in cutting tools, inserts and drills. These equate to approx. 65% of consumption. The balance is widespread including military, electronics, lighting and even jewelry. New composite technology is opening up significant new markets for Tungsten that will use its density and non-toxicity as key drivers.

North American Tungsten produces 4% of the world’s tungsten – who do you sell to and what does a typical sale look like?

While all of our off-take agreements are confidential, I can tell you that we currently ship about 70% of our production to Asia and 30% to Europe. We typically contract for a minimum of one year and our pricing is usually 80% or higher of the LMB Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) quotation which is adjusted monthly.

Currently, production is out of your CanTung mine in the Northwest Territories. How long has the mine been in operation and what are the current operational highlights?

The CanTung Mine started operations in the early 60’s as an open pit mine and moved underground in the early 70’s. While we currently only have some 2 years of forward resources, we’ve had that approx. number for the last eight years of mining. Needless to say, we do believe that there is much more development to be done at CanTung.

We do boast the highest head grade of any mine we know of and our gravity concentrate is world renowned for its exceptional quality. We have made significant improvements, investing some $50 million at the mine in the last 2 years, boosting productivity and efficiencies.

On October 16th the company announced a major permitting milestone for its MacTung project in the Yukon. What is the significance of the Draft Screening Report?

The draft screening report from the Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Board recommending that our MacTung project proceed, is a major milestone in the Yukon mining permitting process. The DSR essentially gives the green light for the project to the government regulators for their approval.

Once permitting has been fully received, what are your plans for MacTung?

Financing is the key to MacTung and we have already started the process to connect with potential partners and long term off-take entities. The construction plans for MacTung call for a 2 year time frame.

Globally, how does MacTung stack up against other tungsten projects in operation or in development?

MacTung is the world’s largest known undeveloped high grade tungsten-skarn deposit with over 33 million tonnes at 0.88 WO3. That means a 30+ year mine life, which in the tungsten world is very very significant.

Application of Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod

Of particular importance to ordnance applications are the properties of tensile strength and ductility. Tensile strength is required for alloys used in kinetic energy penetrator designed to defeat multiple space armor. The higher the tensile strength,the deeper the armor rod penetrating under the same conditions. Besides sufficient strength the penetrator rod must remain ductile enough to endure flexure when hitting on the armor without fracture and endure greater cold working deformation to further improve strength.So,one type of material which with high tensile strength and good ductility is desirable for making the penetrator rod,such as tungsten alloy material.

Tungsten alloy is a particle composite which contains a very large percentage of nearly spherical tungsten particles embedded in a ductile matrix of nickel -iron. This composite structure results in a high density material with a useful combination of mechani-cal properties: high strength, moderate, ductility and outstanding thermal conductivity.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod made of tungsten alloy blank also possess the properties the tungsten alloy has.And tungsten alloy swaging rod has been improved the properties of tensile strength through swaging maching.The properties above make tungsten alloy swaging rod an attractive for many military and civil applications, such as depleted uranium penetrators, bullet, armor piercing, rifle bullet, snipe rifle penetrator and so on.

Military Tungsten Heavy Alloy Rod

Tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted in tungsten alloy defense as the raw material to make parts of military products, such as bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. A major use for tungsten heavy alloy is in kinetic energy penetrators, where they are in direct competition with depleted uranium (DU). Recent investigations conducted at the Army Research Laboratory show that DU’s superior properties resulted from its ability to localize shear during ballistic penetration events.


What is Tungsten Alloy Rod?

Tungsten alloy rod is produced by pressing and sintering into billets, which are worked by rolling or swaging into rod. Smaller sizes are produced by subsequent drawing. Tungsten rod is produced in straight random lengths with a smooth swaged surface at diameters 3mm and larger, and with a smooth drawn finish below 3mm. A center less-ground finish can also be furnished. Specific lengths and special fabrications can be supplied upon request.

We can offer the tungsten heavy alloy rod for military usage, such as bomblet, armor-piercing bullet, etc. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with our customers in the design of individual specifications. Our mission is to meet individual customer requirements. Flexibility is our strength. We pride ourselves on being able to find the right solution to customer’s problems. Owing to its terrific hardness and resistance to increased temperature, tungsten adopted in army defense progressively today.

The normal tungsten alloy rod after swaging, ultimate tensile strength would be increased greatly. The ultimate tensile strength of general tungsten alloy rod is 1050 MPa . However, after swaging, the ultimate tensile strength can reach 1200 MPa min, we could even control at 1400 MPa. This type of rod is one of our main products. Tungsten alloy swaging rod can be use in military defense, such as depleted uranium penetrators, bullet, armor piercing, rifle bullet, snipe rifle penetrator, etc.

Applications for Tungsten Rod

These kinds of rods could be machined further, which are usually used to making the parts of counterweight, radiation shielding, military tungsten alloy defense appliance, welding rod, extrusion die, also for some sports fields, such as darts, billets, golf club, etc. As its high density, high melting point, small capacity, excellent hardness, superior wearing resistance, high ultimate tensile strength, etc, tungsten alloy rod is increasingly welcomed by public. Tungsten alloy tubes are mainly used in the military industry, the aerospace, mechanical manufacture, medical shielding, petroleum and sporting balance, etc.